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WorldWar2.ro Forum > Biographical Research > Romanians on the Italian Front 1915-1918


Posted by: Klemen April 02, 2004 01:53 pm
Hi !

I am looking for any published memoires, war diaries or other personal testimonials ort Romanian servicemen who have served on the Italian Front and particularly the Isonzo Front 1915-1918. Can anyone help me with this, please? :-)

I have checked some of your recent messages and found out that one of your mentioned Second Lieutenant Emil Rebreanu, a highly decorated Romanian Officer from the Isonzo Front. Can anyone please fill me more details about his service on the Isonzo Front? :-O

Some other short comments:
a.) Probably the most famous Romanian deserter from k. u.k. Army (at least that I know of) was Romanian Leutnant Maxim, a staff officer in one of the Bosnian battalions of the 50th Infantry Division who deserted to the Italians several days before the start of the Karfreit Offensive 1917 with all the plans and documents. A quick look on the k.u.k. Schematismus from 1914 and 1917 reveals us that this officer was most probably Leutnant Aurel Maxim. It seems, though, that the Italians did not thrust hi much.

b.) It is not true that the South-Slavic regiments did have an exceptionally high rate of desertion. This indeed certainly didn't imply to Slovenian regiments (IR 17, IR 87 and particularly IR 47, which was a very strong and extremly reliable German-Slovene regiment until the very end), but also other regiments did fight and didn't face any high rate of desertions from other regiments. Probably the Czechs were the ones who had the highest rate of desertion on the Russian and Serbian Front in 1914-15 but even they later became very stead and their IR 28 was doing miracles on the Carso 1915-1917. Romanians too didn't desert en masse on the Isonzo Front, although it seems that the Austrian High Command did not exactly thrust much the Romanian regiments or battalions much, especially not the IR 51 from Koloszvar which was, especially in the first year of the war 1915, on a very low reputation and performed very bad. But on the other hand IR 41 from Czernowitz with a large percentage of Romanians fought extremly weel and courageously during the entire year of 1917 on Mt. Santo and Mt. Vodice.

c.) Mamula Island is a small island off Cattaro Bay (Boka Kotorska Bay), which is today situated in Serbian and Montenegro. It protects the entrance into the bay. During WW1 there was a small garrison on the island and some coastal artillery, while during WW2 the Italians held there a prison and a concentraction camp. There was, I think, also a Austro-Hungarian military prison. I think the best thing is to go to this website:
http://www.f24.parsimony.net/forum56651/
and ask the questions you would like to know. Ask for my dear friend Zvonimir Freivogel who is one of the best if not the best Austro-Hungarian WW1 Kriegsmarine expert. Tell him Klemen sends you and he will know. :-)

d.) As far as I know the Serbs did not desert to the enemy either. There were of course some cases of individuals or even small up to company size desertions during the war but I never heard of Serbian soldiers deserting in big numbers. Quite the opposite: Many of them fought courageously in some Bosnian and Hungarian regiments and if I am not mistaken at least two of them received the Maria Theresia Orden, the highest Austrian decoration for the bravery in battle.

Hope this helps a bit.

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: Klemen April 07, 2004 10:31 pm
Hi!

Can I understand this silence and no replies as a definate answer that there is in Romania no published memoires or personal war diaries of Romanian servicemen in the k.u.k. Austro-Hungarian Army on the Italian Front 1915-1918 (Isonzo-Dolomiten-Tyrol-Piave)? :roll:

Was there perhaps to your knowledge in Romania anything published about the 37th k.u.k. Nagy-Váradiner Infantry Regiment (today Oradea)? I am namely researching the history of the IV. Battalion of the IR. 37 on the Isonzo Front in 1915. I have already received the regimental history of IR. 37 from War Archives in Budapest, but unfortunately the history is very short and does not give some important details that I would like to know. Maybe anyone can help me here? :-)

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: Dan Po April 07, 2004 11:02 pm
QUOTE
Can I understand this silence and no replies as a definate answer that there is in Romania no published memoires or personal war diaries of Romanian servicemen in the k.u.k. Austro-Hungarian Army on the Italian Front 1915-1918 (Isonzo-Dolomiten-Tyrol-Piave)? :roll:


I think that you are right. I don t heared about this kind of book ... but ... i cannot say that i know averything wich is published in Romania

QUOTE
Was there perhaps to your knowledge in Romania anything published about the 37th k.u.k. Nagy-Váradiner Infantry Regiment (today Oradea)? I am namely researching the history of the IV. Battalion of the IR. 37 on the Isonzo Front in 1915. I have already received the regimental history of IR. 37 from War Archives in Budapest, but unfortunately the history is very short and does not give some important details that I would like to know. Maybe anyone can help me here? :-)


I want to help you from the bottom of my heart, but i have no information. I m from Oradea (Nagy-varod) but never saw any public information anout the pre 1918 military history of this town (units who was garnisoned and where the "bihoreni" s (Oradea is in "Bihor" county) fought.

If you think that I can help you in any possible way, please let me know !

:keep:

Posted by: mabadesc April 08, 2004 01:33 am
Klemen,

If I find anything, I'll let you know. In the meantime, I have a quick question for you. You said:

QUOTE
I have already received the regimental history of IR. 37 from War Archives in Budapest


I'm trying to retrieve some information for the Budapest War Archives. Could you please tell me how to go about in asking for this information? Do you have the web address (or physical address) of the Archives? Will they send out the info or would I have to pick it up in person from Budapest? Thanks...

Posted by: Dénes April 08, 2004 03:17 am
You can contact 'virtually' the Hungarian Military Museum and Archives, located in Budapest. Here is their web site:

http://www.militaria.hu/
http://www.militaria.hu/hadt.php3?page=500

Please note that this web site is only in Hungarian.
Nevertheless, there are several e-mail addresses where you can write to, in German or English, I suppose.

Hope this will help your research.

Posted by: Klemen April 08, 2004 10:51 pm
Dan & Mabadesc,

***I think that you are right. I don t heared about this kind of book ... but ... i cannot say that i know averything wich is published in Romania***

First of all thank you very much for your replies. I am very sadden to hear that there is not a single published memoires, diary or even a article about the Romanian servicemen on the Italina Front 1915-1918. But still please if you will come up of any such books be sure to let me know. I am also interested in short individual stories about bravery shown by some Romanian soldiers on the Italian Front 1915-1918.

For example I would very much like to know the full story of this Second Lieutenant Emil Rebreanu and his decorations on the Italian Front.that one of you have mentioned in some previous post on this forum. When, which ones and why did he receive them? I have never heard of him before. :-(

***I want to help you from the bottom of my heart, but i have no information. I m from Oradea (Nagy-varod) but never saw any public information anout the pre 1918 military history of this town (units who was garnisoned and where the "bihoreni" s (Oradea is in "Bihor" county) fought.***

That is great! I am for quite a long time searching for anyone from Oradea who might help me to answer some questions or to do a small research in Oradea for me. I have been namely for the past two years extensively researching the Italian attack on Mt. Krn on 15-16 June 1915 which was defended by a company of IV/37, but I cannot and cannot find any decent material about this battalion. The Kriegsarchiv in Vienna has only the material from 1916 onwards and the Kriegsarchiv in Budapest apparently lost all of its material in 1944 during the Soviet siege. Cannot think of a bigger bad luck than this, hehe.... Anyway being from Oradea you might wanna get interested in the following book (actually it is a 32 page long booklet but still furnishes quite a lot of details and even maps), the regimental history of IR 37 and IR 137 in the Great War 1914-1918.

Desző Bittó: "A volt nagyváradi és biharvármegyei 37. és 139. gyalogezredek törtenete"; Athenaeum, Budapest, 1943

I have here in my small archive only the photocopies of pages concerning IV/37 in 1914-1918. Not much about Mt. Krn 1915 attack I am afraid.:-(

BTW: There are some other much more detailed Hungarian regimental histories of regiments from Transilvania and Banat. tongue.gif

***If you think that I can help you in any possible way, please let me know !***

Actually yes I would like to ask you if you could do some research for me in the libraries in Oradea. I tried to contact the University in Oradea to see if they can help me a bit but I have never received a reply back. :-(((( Please contact me at my private e-mail address: xxxxxxxxx biggrin.gif

***If I find anything, I'll let you know. In the meantime, I have a quick question for you. You said:***

Thanks Mabadesc. I appreciate this a lot! Romanian, Ruthene and Slovakian WW1 memoires are one of the last that I'm still missing i.e. would very much like to get. laugh.gif

***I'm trying to retrieve some information for the Budapest War Archives. Could you please tell me how to go about in asking for this information? Do you have the web address (or physical address) of the Archives? Will they send out the info or would I have to pick it up in person from Budapest? Thanks...***

As Dénés has already kindly pointed out you may contact them through their website and hoping that you will get the reply. It also depends what are you looking for... Now I have somewhere the e-mail address, fax number and postal address of the Manager of the Archive, which has been kind enough to reply to my inquiry, but in order to pass them to you I would prefer if you contact me at my private e-mail address. If there isn't much to search I might even ask my friend, who works as the profesional military researcher in the Museum and Archive and I guess I can ask him the next time I each with him to pass your request to the department which is responsible for such requests.

Hope this helps.

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: Victor April 10, 2004 10:59 am
A somewhat related topic:
http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=47090

Posted by: Klemen April 12, 2004 01:16 pm
Hi Victor!

Thanks for your reply. I have heard before about MMThO recipient Major Popovici, but I don't think that he has won his MMThO in 1916 but rather in 1917 during the bloody 11th Isonzo Battle. I think that we could get more information about his feat in the regimental history of Debreczener Infantry Regiment Nr. 39, which was written by Győző Lepes-Artúr Matéfi: "A volt cs. és kir. báró Hötzendorfi Konrád Ferenc tábornagy debreceni 39. gyalogezred világháborus törtenete 1914-1918"; Debrecen 1939.

But brushing this aside can somebody please tell me who is Second Lieutenant EMIL REBREANU and which high Austro-Hungarian decorations did he receive, where and when? He sounds to me like a very interesting person.

One more thing: Sinve it seems that there are no published memoires or diaries of any Romanian from the Italian Front 1915-1918, does then anyone know of any memoires of a famous Romanian (writer, poet, mathematician, politician, soldier (ex-general or colonel who later served in the Romanian army) etc.) who had served in the k.u.k. Army in the Great War 1914-18 and who might have been also serving on the Italian Front? :-)

Mr. Dan from Oradea can you please contact me in the next few days if possible?

Best regards to all and thanks again for the wonderful replies.

Klemen

Posted by: mabadesc April 12, 2004 03:27 pm
Denes - thanks for the links you posted....I'll try my luck...

Klemen - Thank you for your offer to help. I will send you a private email today, describing all the details and what I am searching for.


QUOTE
does then anyone know of any memoires of a famous Romanian (writer, poet, mathematician, politician, soldier (ex-general or colonel who later served in the Romanian army) etc.) who had served in the k.u.k. Army in the Great War 1914-18 and who might have been also serving on the Italian Front?


Actually, I just remembered, I bought an old book last summer about WWI, written by a Romanian general. The author is General Tataranu (or Tatarescu), and is entitled "Acum un sfert de veac", meaning, "A quarter-century ago". The book was published in the 1940's. I haven't read it yet, but I'll look through it to see if it has anything that may be of interest to you.

Posted by: Carol I April 15, 2004 10:08 am
QUOTE
I have heard before about MMThO recipient Major Popovici, but I don't think that he has won his MMThO in 1916 but rather in 1917 during the bloody 11th Isonzo Battle.


According to http://www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk/mmto.htm Major Popovici has received the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresia on 10 June 1921 (the 187th promotion).

Posted by: Carol I April 15, 2004 02:27 pm
Also on http://www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk/mmto.htm there is a Oberst Johann Boeriu von Polichna, commander of the 76th Infantry Regiment, who has received the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresia on 17 August 1918 (the 184th promotion).

According to his last name (Boeriu) he might have been Romanian.

Posted by: Victor April 15, 2004 03:05 pm
QUOTE
Also on http://www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk/mmto.htm there is a Oberst Johann Boeriu von Polichna, commander of the 76th Infantry Regiment, who has received the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresia on 17 August 1918 (the 184th promotion).

According to his last name (Boeriu) he might have been Romanian.


Brig. gen. Ioan Boeriu was indeed Romanian and I mentioned him in a post in the thread on the Axis History Forum to which I gave the link above.

Posted by: Carol I April 15, 2004 10:04 pm
Thanks Victor for the reply.

On the same site I have also found the following names that might indicate Romanian recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresia:

Major Joseph BOGDAN von Sturmbruck - 30 April 1802 (68th Promotion)
Major David URS de Margina - 17 October 1859 / 21 May 1860 (158th to 159th Promotions)

Do you (or anyone else) have information about these two officers and the circumstances under which they have received the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresia?

Posted by: Dénes April 16, 2004 02:26 am
QUOTE
Major Joseph BOGDAN von Sturmbruck - 30 April 1802 (68th Promotion)

Bogdan is not necessarily a Rumanian name. It's actually a Slavic name, meaning 'Son of God', or something similar. For example, I know a couple of Polish guys, whose Christian name is Bogdan.

Posted by: Victor April 16, 2004 06:44 am
Denes is right.
Col. David Urs was the first Romanian who won the award.
He was born on 1 April 1816 in the Fagaras county in an old small noble family. In 1834 he entered the 1st Romanian Frontier-guard Regiment and by 1841 he was a 2nd lieutenant. In 1848 he took part at many Romanian meetings, signed several memos to the Emperor (he was part of the delegation which presented Ferdinand I in Vienna the "requests of the Romanian nation"). He was promoted 1st lieutenant and with the regiment he fought against the Szekler frontier-guard regiments which had passed on the Hungarian Revolution's side.
He was promoted captain at the end of the Revolution and awarded the Cross for Military Merit and the Russian Order of St. Anne.
He was moved to the 34th Infantry Regiment in Kassa/Kosice in 1850. The war with France and Sardinia found him as a major commanding a battalion of the 52nd Infantry Regiment. He distinguished himself at Solferino and Medole and was awarded the Iron Crown Order 3rd class and exceptionally for a non-Austrian, the Knight's Cross of the Maria Theresia Order and the title of Baron of Marginea. In 1860 he was promoted lt. col. and transferred to the 64th Infantry Regiment in Deva, which he took over under his command in 1863. In 1864 he was forced to retire, because he was accused of trying to turn the regiment into an exclusive Romanian regiment, by promoting only Romanian officers.
The war of 1866 with Prussia reactivated him (at his own request) and was named commander of an island in the Adriatic, Lisa, where again he distinguished himself, being hailed in the Austrian press as the hero of Lisa. He returned to the command of the 64th Regiment, but only until 1867, when he was again forced to retire.
He was invited by the Romanian government to take part in the organization of the army, but the Austro-Hungarian government forbid it and put him under surveillance. He then dedicated the rest of his life to organizing and running the Romanian frontier-guard schools. He died on 10 September 1897, two years after his schools had been turned into Hungarian state schools.

Posted by: Carol I April 16, 2004 07:26 am
QUOTE
Bogdan is not necessarily a Rumanian name. It's actually a Slavic name, meaning 'Son of God', or something similar. For example, I know a couple of Polish guys, whose Christian name is Bogdan.


I knew that and this is why I said "... names that might indicate Romanian recipients ...". However, it seems that in the case of Major Joseph BOGDAN, the name in question is the last (or family) name. Do you know if the Polish or the Ukrainians use Bogdan as a last name or only as a first/given/Christian one? You can ask your Polish friends for example.

Posted by: Carol I April 16, 2004 07:29 am
QUOTE
Col. David Urs was the first Romanian who won the award.
...


Thanks Victor for the very interesting details about the life and career of Col. David Urs.

Posted by: Klemen April 16, 2004 09:34 pm
First of all I would like to thank you for the last replies. It is nice to see that this topic has flammed a bit because at the beginning it didn't look good, hehe... :wink:

Mabadesc: As I said feel free to send me your e-mail any time y<ou will have time. I have checked my inbox right now and haven't received it, so in case if you have already send it please re-send it again.

Tatalescu: Did you read the book? Anything about WW1 on the Italian Front or again just about Romanian or East Front? I have just finished reading the memoires of Corporal I. LEUCA from Targoviste about his time with IR. 41 during the 10th Isonzo-Battle 1917. Very detailed but don't give much names I am afraid. sad.gif

Victor and others: I am wondering if you know WHAT was the reason for Colonel Ion (Johann) Boeriu, the Kommandant IR.76 to receive his MMThO? :roll:

Dan: I have send you a reply to your e-mail yesterday. I hope you receive it in good order. :cheers:

Klemen

Posted by: Klemen May 15, 2004 04:23 pm
Mabadesc: Sorry to bother you with this again but have you by any chance checked the book by a Romanian general which was published in 1940 to see if the general had fought in the k.u.k. Army on the Italian Front 1915-1918? I'm still looking for any books, memoires or diaries of Romanian serviceman who had fought in WW1 in the Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces on the Italian Front. There must be some. A few days ago I have found a Romanian article about the Romanian field chaplains in the k.u.k. Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces during the Great War 1914-1918 and in the article are also mentioned some names, which may suggest that the author of the article pumped the material from some personal memoires. I contacted Mr. Grecu several weeks ago, but so far I haven't received a reply from him. sad.gif

Dan Pontos: I have sent a reply to your message already more than three weeks ago. Have you received it? :-)

lp,

Klemen

p.s. Here is Mr. Grecu's article. Maybe anyone can tell me what exactly does it say about the Italian Front. I don't understand Romanian quite well, but I do understand that pieces of the article refer to the 43rd Rifle Division, which fought on the Isonzo Front and later Piave and which included a large percentage of Romanians.

ASPECTE ALE VIEŢII PREOŢILOR MILITARI ROMÂNI DIN ARMATA AUSTRO-UNGARĂ (1914-1918).

Article published in Buletinul ABB no. 2(45) / April 2003, pp.8-15.

© Grecu Dan 2003

La o populaţie de 3,5 milioane, românii din Transilvania şi Banat au dat Armatei Austro-Ungare aproape 500000 soldaţi în anii primului război mondial, ceea ce reprezintă 6% din totalul militarilor imperiali. Pe lîngă sacrificiile celor de pe front, o mare parte a populaţiei române din Ungaria a suferit în cei 4 ani de război: întemniţări, arestări, internări1, prigoniri ale fruntaşilor naţionali şi politici, intelectualilor satelor (preoţii fiind în primul rând afectaţi), mobilizarea învăţătorilor de la şcolile confesionale (astfel încăt acestea sunt aduse în situaţia de a rămâne fără cadre didactice, oferind pretextul autorităţilor pentru a le închide), ulterior naţionalizarea şcolilor confesionale din ‘zona culturală’.
Revenind la românii de pe front, printre măsurile care urmăreau să folosească spiritul naţional al acestora în direcţia obţinerii unui maxim angajament în lupte (oricum, multe regimente româneşti au avut o comportare meritorie pe front, luptele de la Ivangorod fiind un exemplu, dar nu singurul), poate fi menţionat şi dreptul de a beneficia de asistenţă spirituală din partea preoţilor militari români, ortodocşi şi greco-catolici.
Din păcate, studii şi cercetări privind viaţa şi activitatea preoţilor militari români din Austro-Ungaria sunt până acum nesemnificative. De aceea voi încerca în cele ce urmează, schiţarea a unor mici fragmente ale acestui tablou, folosind surse mai puţin obişnuite, dar de cea mai mare autenticitate şi emoţie: scrisorile trimise sau primite pe câmpurile de luptă din Galiţia, Bucovina sau Italia de către preoţi militari ortodocşi. O trecere în revistă sumară a problemelor poştale (inclusiv sigilii militare) privind serviciul duhovnicesc militar, poate fi găsită şi în două articole mai vechi ale autorului, publicate în Curierul Filatelic nr. 20 / Noiembrie 1991, pag. 8 şi în Buletinul ABB, nr. 3(11) / Septembrie 1995, pag.14-19.
Datele culese acum sunt toate în legătură cu preotul militar Virgil Nistor2 (notat în text mai departe V.N.), a cărui corespondenţă scrisă sau primită (cca. 150 piese) am folosit-o în documentare. Completările sau comentariile la texte, notate în paranteze drepte [ ], aparţin autorului.
Preoţii militari (în continuare este vorba doar de cei români) serveau în cadrul Armatei Austro-Ungare atât pe front (în prima linie – la comandamentele de divizii, regimente sau batalioane unde existau români, sau la comandamentele de armată şi corp armată), cât şi în spatele frontului (la spitale, în lagăre de prizonieri – unde îngrijeau prizonieri din armata română sau rusă, sau la servicii ortodoxe din marile garnizoane).
Numărul lor era estimat de V.N. la 30-40 în Bucovina şi ‘circa 60-70 inşi’ în părţile Ungariei (Transilvania, Banat), deci un total de 90-110 preoţi ortodocşi la un moment dat (iulie 1916).
V.N. avusese de fapt ideea inspirată de a alcătui un album al tuturor acestor preoţi (cu fotografia fiecăruia şi toate datele biografice necesare) emiţând şi un apel tipărit în 30.07.1916 la Huszt, unde servea la spitalul de rezervă nr.1. Reacţia preoţilor a fost promptă, primindu-se numeroase scrisori de susţinere: “Această idee frumoasă o salut cu drag şi mă asociez ei. Albumul intenţionat va fi o satisfacţie pentru serviciul preotal şi un op ştiinţific-istoric pentru viitor. La armata dela Isonzo să se afle la 40 de preoţi români. Asta se poate afla de la prot. Boldea din Laibach [azi Ljubljana], care desigur va îmbrăţişa ideea ta”, scrie pr. Gavril Boca de la Divizia 43 de pe frontul italian (26 mai 1917), ca şi pr. Bolohan din Przemysl la 12 octombrie 1916 şi mulţi alţii.
Din păcate, datorită condiţiilor obiective, planul, deşi minuţios pus la punct, a trebuit abandonat un an mai târziu, lipsindu-ne azi de un document de primă importanţă.
Din scrisori aflăm relaţii interesante despre viaţa zilnică a preoţilor militari. Evident, de o oarecare comoditate se bucurau cei din spatele frontului: “Fiind eu preotul conducător al oficiului gr.-or. la 7 Armee nu-mi poate merge rău. Sunt tot în centru [Sighetul Marmaţiei] şi avem ziare şi poştă regulat” (V.N., 9 iunie 1915).
Cei de la spitale se confruntau cu situaţii specifice: “...mâine ne întoarcem la Cernăuţi, neavând mai aproape de front un loc potrivit pentru Verbandplatz [=ambulanţă]. Sosiţi aici unde suntem am avut 2 zile şi o noapte continuu de lucru. Soseau bieţii creştinii noştri, căsăpiţi, schilozi, muribunzi şi noaptea întreagă n-am putut aţipi o clipă. Locul de bandaj e în curtea preotului de aici... Aici servesc în biserică tare drăguţă. Convin [=discut] cu preoţii de prin jur, oameni zdraveni, dar acum cam năcăjiţi. Pe aici [în Bucovina]... preoţii ca şi pe la noi, ceva mai deschişi. E de admirat în oraş reşedinţa [Episcopiei Greco-Ortodoxe din Cernăuţi] minunat zidită şi aranjată înlăuntru. Cercetând-o străinii încep să aibe alte păreri despre biserica noastră. În oraş convin cu o mulţime de oameni, preoţi mai ales, doctori în teologie, profesori de liceu şi facultate. Toţi sunt bucuroşi că cunosc un preot din Ardeal. Numai de lipsa bărbii se miră toţi deopotrivă” (pr. Ludu, Divizia 34 aflată în Cernăuţi, 24 august 1917). La rândul lui, V.N. scria la 21 mai 1918: “...sunt în drum spre Huszt – după ce 5 zile am cercetat mai multe spitale în Sătmar, Baia Mare şi aici [Carei] – cam 4000 de bolnavi şi răniţi mai uşor – ceva cam obositor... Am văzut ţinuturi noi – ţinuturi româneşti cu oameni cu stare însă cam rămaşi în cultură”.
Pe linia frontului totul se schimbă însă, chiar dacă anii 1917-1918 sunt de relativă acalmie pe frontul cu Rusia. V.N., proaspăt numit preot la Batalionul 28 Vânători, aflat în Bucovina, scrie: “...în ziua primă am îngropat 3 inşi – loviţi pe drumul mare de o granată. Suntem [...] în munte la înălţimea de 1020 m., lîngă Câmpulung [...] în loc ferit de gloanţe – numai drumul e văzut de ruşi, aşa că ziua nu poţi merge la Câmpulung... Am dormit 2 nopţi în cort, lângă o baterie care face un zgomot îngrozitor... Poşta merge greu – căci trenul nu circulă” (23 august 1917); “... m-am mutat cu cortul la comanda batalionului pe un munte, în o pădure de brazi seculară. Dormim cu toţii în corturi... Comunicaţia se face numai cu cai de munte şi pe jos, drum destul de greu. Mâncarea [...] tot cu cai o aduc de la train... În genere e linişte – ici colo câte o lovitură de tun” (26 august 1917).
Dar pe frontul italian se duc lupte grele: “Cine n-a fost pe blăstămatul acesta de front nu ştie ce-i adevăratul război. Niciun pas nu poţi face ca să fi sigur. Nu ştiu de unde au atâta muniţie de puşcat, căci nici 2 minute nu trec, ca să nu auzi puşcături. Dar ce e mai mult, că aproape fiecare puşcătură nimereşte. Sunt mari maeştri, artileriştii italieni. De altcum noi avem onoare de francezi şi englezi. Aici o divizie are un front de 2-3 km. Numai în felul acesta poate suporta o divizie câte 6-8 săptămâni. În 2 luni se macină o divizie, dacă nu sunt lupte mai mari. La atacuri serioase, cum a fost cel din 15 l.c., în 4-5 ore e gata divizia. Cine vine pe partea asta a frontului unde suntem noi (Asiago), citov [=sănătos] nu merge acasă. Dacă nu mori sau nu eşti rănit trebuie cu timpul să te îmbolnăveşti. În fiecare zi plouă şi ninge. E frig ca pela Bobotează. Barăcile sunt sub toată critica. Vântul îţi stinge lumina de pe masă. În pat te plouă. Ziua-noaptea focul nu se stinge şi tot nu ne putem încălzi. Pe unde mergi tot morminte şi cadavre neîngropate. Sunt şi preoţi militari îngropaţi. Dela noi au mers până acuma 4 [preoţi] ca răniţi sau morboşi. Sub 15 morţi nu prea avem pe zi la Sanitäts Kolonne [= coloană sanitară]“ (pr. Luciu, Divizia 43, 30 iunie 1918).
Dar care erau sarcinile preoţilor militari ? “De două săptămâni m-am reîntors din concediu şi în timpul ăsta aproape am terminat cu spoveditul şi cuminecatul la divizie” (pr. Ludu, Divizia 34, 8 decembrie 1917).
Cel mai bine să cităm din apelul lui V.N., amintit mai sus: “Trupele, la care este preot de aceeaşi limbă şi lege cu ele, le însufleţeşte, le întăreşte în jocul morţii cu pavăza credinţei. Soldaţilor le insuflă putere şi mulţămire, încredere în sine şi în puterea Celui de sus şi întăreşte nădejdea în cei ce sunt aproape de deznădăjduire. Succesul trupelor, starea lor morală şi sanitară, atârnă în mare parte dela conştienciozitatea preotului militar [...] Sfatul şi îndemnul preotului militar e ascultat şi crezut mai curând decât poruncile mai-marilor. În spitale [...] e adevăratul doctor sufletesc şi trupesc, părintele celor neputincioşi, razimul celor deznădăjduiţi [...] alinând durerile prin cuvintele sale blânde şi încurajatoare, îngrijindu-se de starea lui [a suferindului] şi chiar a familiei sale. În spitalele din ţară trebuie să fie învăţătorul celor analfabeţi – acestora trebuie să le facă corespondenţa cu familiile lor[...] Atât la trupe cât şi în spitale datorinţa preotului este ca să împartă cărţi de rugăciuni şi de cetit, ziare, pe lângă datorinţa de a ţine servicii divine cât mai des [...] Cu cât soldatul e mai departe de ai săi – în ţări streine – cu atât simte mai mult lipsa sfatului şi ajutorului preotului”. Oriunde ar fi, preotul militar trebuie “...să fie un adevărat apostol al bisericii şi neamului”.
Sentimentul valorizant al acestei munci neobosite se poate desprinde chiar din unele scrisori: “Avem credincioşi mulţi, avem mult de lucru, umblăm aproape în fiecare zi afară – dar avem mângâierea sufletească că putem alina în diferite feluri pe sărmanii oameni. Ne aşteaptă ca pe Dzeu să mergem la ei.” (pr. Luciu, la punctul de comandă Roşu, lângă Vatra Dornei, 5 iulie 1917). “…N-am desperat însă, ci condus de iubirea ce o am faţă de scumpul meu popor, i-am prevăzut cu Sf. Taine pe toţi, îmbărbătat şi mângâiat. Mult am contribuit şi eu cu modestele mele puteri la rezultatul aşa de frumos al ţinutei fiilor noştri în lupte“ (scrisoare către V.N., ianuarie 1916).
Emoţionantă este descrierea unei slujbe pe front, la regimentul 76 infanterie: “Azi a fost serviciu divin, a fost aproape întreg regimentul. A fost foarte duios, când oameni înăspriţi de împrejurări cu ochii blânzi citeau în cărţile de rugăciuni scoase din sân. Un număr de voci a repetat ‘Tatăl Nostru’ pentru camarazii căzuţi sau răniţi”, scria la 13 iunie 1915 ‘faehnrich’ [= sublocotenent] Dionis Nistor, unul din fraţii lui V.N. Soarta a vrut ca numai 3 zile mai târziu, autorul acestor rânduri să cadă şi el în luptă. O telegramă trimisă de la ‘Wolfsolid’ către ‘Wolfkamin’ (numele cifrat al Comandamentului etapelor Armatei 7 Austro-Ungare) în Lwow, comunică sec acest lucru: “Fähnrich Nistor a fost înmormântat în faţa capelei cimitirului din Komarno în 18 iunie” (vezi şi articolul amintit din Buletinul ABB nr.3(11), pag.15 şi fig.15-17).
Este evident că situaţia militară şi politică reţinea în cea mai mare parte atenţia celor de pe front. Interesant că intrarea României în război era aşteptată cu cel puţin 2 luni înainte de a avea loc: “Eu tot cu ruşii mei, aud însă că vom avea în curând de lucru cu Românii” (pr. Ludu, de la serviciul gr.-or. din Klagenfurt, 1 iulie 1916).
Cuceriri şi recuceriri de poziţii sunt trăite de preoţii din prima linie: “Acum suntem chiar în Cernăuţi. Aici s-au început lupte de poziţie. În 9 VIII am făcut noi atac, dar ne-au respins [ruşii] şi am avut pierderi. Acum în 3 IX din nou a atacat 101 [regiment din Békescsába] şi 33 [regiment din Arad] la C., am şi luat înălţimea. Dar ne-au respins după 3 ore, am avut vreo 30 morţi şi 344 răniţi şi cam tot atâţia au ajuns în prinsoare” (pr. Ludu, Divizia 34, septembrie 1917).
Din 1917 însă, dorinţa de pace revine ca un leit-motiv, ca şi îngrijorări şi speranţe privind viitorul românilor de ambele părţi ale Carpaţilor: “Se vorbeşte mult de pace, dea Dzeu să fie adevărat” (V.N., 18 aprilie 1917). “Noi poate că peste 2-3 săptămâni să mergem spre Galiţia, căci ruşii se retrag. Kolomeea e în mâinile noastre de 3 zile” (V.N., spital Kolomeea, 8 decembrie 1917); “De ieri până în 17 XII este armistiţiu cu Ruşii – nu se mai aude nici o singură puşcătură – poate că să se facă pace.”3 (V.N., 8 decembrie 1917). “Pe aici am aflat lumea cuprinsă de frigurile armistiţiului. Nu se vorbeşte de altceva. Proecte pentru pace, planuri de împărţiri de ţări, visuri de viitor. Noi ăştia [românii] stăm, ascultăm, tăcem şi aşteptăm. Poate tot va fi un Dumnezeu pe lume. Cei dela Sibiu [de la Mitropolie] stau ca ursu în bârlog = somnul lung de iarnă. Când va veni şi primăvara lor...”. (pr. S.Ludu, Divizia 34, 8 decembrie 1917). “De când cu armistiţiul nu e slobod puşcatul.” (V.N., 14 decembrie), “ne împrietenim cu Ruşii – nu se aşteaptă însă la pace separată” (V.N., 23 decembrie). “Aici o ducem bine – de când nu ducem frica de glonţ. Nu cred să fie pace cu Ruşii – deoarece între ei sunt mulţi care nu vreau pace separată.” (V.N., 24 decembrie). “Aici prietenie mare cu Ruşii – convenim des cu ei, o să vă trimit fotografii cu ei împreună”. (V.N., 28 decembrie 1917), “în ziua primă de Crăciun am avut şi Ruşi la masă, cari s-au îmbătat ca porcii”. (V.N., 1 ianuarie 1918). “Cu ruşii se-ncurcă iţele – nu primesc condiţiile germane” (V.N., 8 ianuarie). “Mult nu cred să rămânem pe aici – căci Ruşii se duc acasă” (V.N., 23 ianuarie), “se vorbeşte că mergem spre Palestina – sigur nu este însă nimic” (V.N., 30 ianuarie). “Suntem în rezervă 6 km de frontul român acum – se aşteaptă rezultatele pertractărilor de pace dela Bucureşti4 - şi de nu s’or putea învoi – vom merge înainte, ceea ce ar fi f.neplăcut !” (V.N., 26 februarie 1918). “Se aşteaptă evenimente noi depinzătoare de pacea cu România. În cazul că nu se pot învoi s’a făcut planul ca să mergem cu toată forţa să ocupăm Moldova – cu ajutorul Germanilor şi a Ucrainei – cari vor veni dela spate, dinspre Basarabia şi aşa ar nimici tot ce le-ar ieşi în cale. Soartă tristă vor avea cei din ţară şi mai ales refugiaţii noştri [în România], căci aşa nu vor avea unde să fugă. Unde ajunge germanul se ştie ce va fi... În Basarabia, pe care Ucraina voeşte să o anexeze, se lucră mult pentru deşteptarea sentimentului naţional românesc. O mulţime de transilvăneni sunt acolo – în frunte cu Stroescu, cu Ghibu O[nisifor] care e inspectorul suprem al şcoalelor. Sub el s-au deschis peste 800 de şcoale româneşti. Preoţii noştri sunt angajaţi cu instrucţia religiei şi cântărilor bisericeşti, fetele inteligenţilor şi boerilor învaţă din greu româneşte; şi fiind Basarabia republică hotărăsc soarta ei alăturându-se la România5, însă Ucraina a provocat pe România să evacueze căci altcum se vor lupta cu ei. Săracii români – îi strâng toţi cu uşa, nu mai au încotro... În faţa noastră la front (7 km numai) sunt români”. (V.N., 27 februarie 1918, din Hliboca, Bucovina). “Nu ştiu cât vom mai sta aici – căci de se încheie pacea definitiv cu România vom merge pe alt front.” (V.N., 28 martie). “Se aude că vom merge peste România cătră Odessa. Vom vedea.” (V.N., 11 martie). “În Pesta grevă generală a muncitorilor – foi de Duminică nu au apărut; pe frontul italian încă nu stau lucrurile ca înainte. De s’ar găta odată comedia. Prizonierii ruşi încă merg acasă, va fi lipsă de braţe de seceriş”. (V.N., 27 iunie 1918). “În Rusia tot mai rău se-ncurcă iţele6. O să avem încă iar războiu cu Ruşii azi-mâine”. (V.N., 10 iulie 1918). “Mare schimbare cu Bulgaria, asta a fost o mare lovitură pentru toţi – poate să grăbească pacea. Vom vedea – mai mult ca sigur că ei vor ieşi din luptă”7 (V.N., 2 octombrie 1918). “De pace încă nu e vorba” (V.N., 22 octombrie 1918).
Dar evenimentele se precipită: “Vremurile sunt grele... Se poate ca România să intre iar în război8, în cazul acesta fiţi cu linişte în suflet, încredere în Dzeu şi să nu vă mişcaţi de acasă, decât în cazul că sunteţi silite. Lucrurile mai de preţ ... să le ascundeţi. Pe uliţă nu prea umblaţi, ştiţi ca să vă păziţi cu cine vorbiţi, etc... Poate că nu va ajunge lucrul acolo ... ca să mai fiţi supuşi unei invazii [să nu uităm că familia lui V.N. era în Zărneşti, care ar fi devenit iar zonă de război în acest caz]. Azi am auzit că Károlyi e ministru prezident9, de e adevărat – atunci probabil că vom încheia pace separată şi vom primi şi noi [românii din Austro-Ungaria] drepturile ce ni se cuvin, cum au cerut deputaţii” (V.N., 24 octombrie 1918). Realitatea va depăşi cu mult aceste timide speranţe, de autonomie şi autodeterminare românească într-o Austrie federalizată, dar aceasta este altă istorie...
În afară de obligaţiile zilnice şi preocupările faţă de situaţia militară şi de viitor, multe erau problemele celor de pe front:
· Diferende inevitabile şi suspiciuni: “Mi-a sosit la 33 [regiment din Arad] fostul preot Moise, iar la un batalion îmi vine un preot sârb. Aşa că mie acum din front[ul diviziei] nu-mi rămâne nimic compact, numai românii de la 29 [regiment bănăţean] împuţinaţi acum, şi 101 [regiment din Békescsába]. S-a făcut anume o acţiune de schimb, au fost concentraţi sârbii la 29, românii la 33 şi 101”. (pr. Ludu, Divizia 34, 24 august 1917). “...regimentul [33] e luat la ochi, pentru că au trecut dincolo [la ruşi] vreo 8 inşi cu un caporal, dar jumătate au fost unguri, deci ne luptăm cu gura cât putem împotriva insinuărilor !... La coloana sanitară a diviziei sunt în luptă continuă cu Stabsarztul [=medic-maior], am ajuns cu el de a fost transferat, însă a făcut ce a făcut cu Sanitätsschaft şi a rămas, dar cred că îmi va succede totuşi să-l alung. Cauza: bate pe soldaţii noştri şi strigă contra preoţilor. Am ajuns însă eu deasupra lui”. (pr. Ludu, septembrie 1917); “Am avut mult de îndurat aici, mai ales din partea preotului de diviziune r.cat., din motivul că cetind regulamentul, n-am voit să mă supun lui. Nu mi-a permis la început nici chiar matricolele să le port eu. Afară de aceea, câte înnegriri, atât la adresa mea, cât şi a ostaşilor noştri…“ (scrisoare către V.N., ianuarie 1916).
· Probleme financiare, mai ales că majoritatea preoţilor îşi întreţineau şi familia din soldă: “Am trimis azi 300 coroane, căutaţi şi cumpăraţi tot ce aveţi lipsă pentru iarnă”. (V.N., 31 august 1917). “Se aude că ni se va ridica leafa cu 100 cor. la lună, sigur nu e”. (V.N., 21 iulie 1918). “În Telegraful Român din 10 VIII, no.80, a apărut Circularul Consistoriului no.7811 bis prin care se spune că şi preoţii militari primesc un ajutor de 500 cor. pentru haine” (V.N., 18 august 1918). “Din 1 X va fi mai rău cu plata şi mâncarea” (V.N., 25 septembrie). “Leafa s-a redus cu mult mai mult decât credeam. În 1 X am primit în loc de 780 cor., numai 420 cor., din care încă trebuie să plătim 100 cor. pentru mîncare, lemnat, încălzit, locuinţă, etc. Şi de aici înainte tot 420 cor. o să primim la lună în loc de 580 cor. – şi nici mîncarea, nici tutunul, nici celelelte nu le mai avem. Era să primim 200 cor. pentru haine şi acelea ni s-au retras”. (V.N., 2 octombrie 1918). “Poimâine o să primesc ajutor de haine 300 cor., le voi trimite dvs... De azi înainte se vor ieftini toate, aşa se aşteaptă”. (V.N., 24 octombrie 1918).
· Situaţia din ţară (Austro-Ungaria), la care cei de pe front se simţeau în permanenţă racordaţi. “Acasă şi la noi năcazuri, duşmănie de nedescris între conlocuitori, apăsare dintr-o parte, o situaţie de nesuferit. Săraci gânduri de mai bine, sărmane visuri, ce s’a ales din voi... Scrii că ai vorbit cu Papp în Pesta despre consfătuirea preoţilor militari, e o chestie tot mai ardentă. Peicu, preot militar în Tirol, cum aud a fost omorât de o lavină” (pr. Ludu, 15 ianuarie 1917). “Acasă cum ştii. Am fost la adunarea cercurilor electorale Braşov-Trei Scaune pentru alegerea de deputaţi la Congres. Alesul: Regman. N-a crâcnit nimeni. Oamenii noştri sunt intimidaţi. Au fost de faţă din 72 preoţi numai 14. Şi ce ştiu, şi ce au toţi aceştia să povestească – cântarea pătimirilor”. (pr. Ludu, 8 decembrie 1917).
· Între altele, naţionalizarea şcolilor româneşti este, firesc, o problemă dureroasă. La 12.8.1917, Ministrul Cultelor şi Instrucţiei Publice, A. Apponyi, emite ordinul de statificare a şcolilor confesionale româneşti din comitatele Sibiu, Făgăraş, Braşov, Trei Scaune şi protopopiatele Haţeg, Hunedoara, Oradea, constituite într-o aşa numită 'zonă /sau graniţă/ culturală'. Motivul invocat: 'nesiguranţa' în zonă după intrarea României în război şi 'vina' preoţilor şi învăţătorilor români de a fi trecut în număr mare în România odată cu retragerea Armatei Române din Nov.1916. Ecouri ale acestei acţiuni se regăsesc într-o carte poştală primită de V.N. pe frontul bucovinean de la un învăţător din Aciliu, la 14.9.1917: “În cele politice vezi că tocmai acum când aşteptăm o pace onorabilă, nu numai în afară ci şi înlăuntrul ţării, dispoziţiile celor mari ne înveninează şi revoltă. Nu ştiu dacă-ţi vine Telegraful. Preotul militar Dăncilă are în numărul de ieri un frumos panegiric pentru învăţătorul Suma, căzut pe frontul italian, în care se arată că în faţa eroismului învăţătorilor noştri, ce mare injurie e noua dispoziţie ministerială. Tu încă vei fi cunoscând destule exemple de purtare bravă a dascălilor noştri. Ia lucru-n serios şi - chiar dacă vorbele nu vor ajunge la urechea celor competenţi - dar pentru întărirea moralului nostru ar trebui mereu ventilată afacerea“. Şi alte corespondenţe se referă la această situaţie: “Ce zici de chestia şcoalelor noastre, de reapariţia Deşteptării în haina Gazetei, de vorbirea lui Mangra şi răspunsul Majestăţii Sale ?” (pr. Ludu, Klagenfurt, 15 ianuarie 1917). “A început şi pentru ei [românii din Bucovina] o viaţă mai grea, deşi nu se poate asemăna cu a celor de la noi. Tata îmi descrie cum a venit să ne ia şcoala. E direct înduioşător şi mişcător. Au închiriat deja de prin august localuri pentru şcoala de stat prin comunele de la noi. Şi de la Consistor nici măcar o înştiinţare, nimic... De vor fi concedii, vreau să merg acasă. Dar cu ce inimă mă duc, Dzeu ştie şi cum voi vedea şcoala noastră în mâini străine, mi se strânge inima de-acum când mă gândesc. Şi îţi vine să desperi, de nicăieri o lumină, o îndreptare, o scânteie de nădejde”. (pr. Ludu, septembrie 1917). “Şcoalele se statifică pe toată linia. Rămân numai 18 în zona culturală“ (carte poştală din Săliştea Sibiului către V.N., la 26.3.1918). Mobilizarea învăţătorilor din şcolile confesionale a trebuit să fie contracarată cu suplinirea acestora, acolo unde era posibil, prin preoţi, învăţători pensionari, tineri absolvenţi, cărturari locali: “La noi e situaţia grea pentru şcoala din Cacova şi Gura Râului, de unde lipsesc 3 puteri didactice. Nu ştiu, cine va putea suplini“ (învăţător din Săliştea Sibiului, către V.N., 8.9.1917).
· Un loc aparte e ocupat de grija pentru familiile din ţară, autorii scrisorilor analizate fiind toţi din părţile Braşovului, zonă unde s-au dus lupte în scurta campanie a României în Transilvania (sept-oct.1916). Lipsa veştilor e chinuitoare: “Sunt în aceeaşi tristă şi zdrobitoare stare sufletească, ca şi tine. N-am nici o ştire de la ai mei. Berichtul [=comunicatul] de eri... Făgăraşul e al nostru [al armatelor Puterilor Centrale]. Aproape de el e satul părinţilor mei, unde am şi familia. Chiar pe acolo se dau luptele. Dzeu bunul ştie ce-o mai fi. Cu toate astea ... eu sunt optimist. Am mari speranţe. Nu ne va lăsa soarta. Ne vom revedea iarăşi pe ai noştri.” (pr. P.Debu, 6 octombrie 1916, de la spitalul de rezervă Sanok, din Nagykőrös). “În 25 crt. am primit după aproape 5 luni întrerupere, corespondenţă de la sora mea. Au avut parte de zile negre. Era să-i omoare şrapnelul în casă”. (Sâmpetrean, 31 decembrie 1916).
Grijile sunt însă şi de altă natură: ”Grijiţi să nu căpătaţi boala spaniolă. Aci în sat [lângă Rahovo] încă sunt mulţi bolnavi”. (V.N., 22 octombrie 1918). “De boala spaniolă să vă temeţi, căci nu e de glumă. Mor mulţi de ea”. (V.N., 24 octombrie 1918).
Dar principalul motiv de nelinişte în anii 1916-1918, a fost atitudinea dură a autorităţilor faţă de cei rămaşi acasă, majoritatea fiind acuzaţi de pactizare sau simpatizare cu ‘inamicul’ român, în zonele de operaţii din toamna lui 1916 din sud-estul Transilvaniei.
Singurul din fraţii Nistor, rămas în ţară ca preot, a avut această soartă. “De Aurel, spune tata c’ar fi fost reţinut dar nu ştie sigur. Nu fi neliniştit însă, căci asta a fost o măsură de precauţiune care a atins pe toţi preoţii fără deosebire” (pr. Ludu, 17 octombrie 1916, Klagenfurt). Internat într-o localitate din pusta ungară, în comitatul Sopron, Aurel Nistor va rămâne astfel surghiunit aproape 2 ani, lucrând acolo ca învăţător. La 1.09.1917, V.N. scrie acasă: “Dela Aurel ... îmi scrie că i s-a respins cererea de eliberare”, iar în 8.01.1918: “dela fişpanul [=prefect al comitatului, magh: Főispán] nimic cu eliberarea lui Aurel. Ce porcărie – nu-mi răspunde. Asta o ştiam înainte”, “...în cauza lui Aurel – n-am putut isprăvi ceva sigur – ca să-l lase acasă, deşi dela Ministerul de Interne mi s-a promis că în zilele proxime vor fi lăsaţi acasă. Am fost la Pesta numai pentru asta ... peste câteva zile voi şti ce va fi cu el” (28 martie 1918). În 27 iunie 1918 scrie iar: “Tare rău îmi pare, că Aurel nu poate scăpa şi nici nu e nădejde să scape”. Dar sfârşitul unei epoci se apropie, şi autorităţile îşi schimbă atitudinea, sperând că dezintegrarea lumii lor mai poate fi oprită: “Aurel trebuie să sosească în toată ziua acasă, căci e ordin ca pe toţi să-i lase acasă” (21 iulie 1918). Într-adevăr reîntoarcerea are loc în zilele următoare, într-o conjunctură mult diferită de cea de la plecare, ceea ce prilejuieşte lui V.N. o întrebare amară: “Ungurii – notarul, popa şi ceilalţi ce zic de sosirea lui Aurel – pare că văd cum fac pe prietenii cu toţii” (10 august 1918).
Hărţuite sunt însă şi cele 2 femei ale familiei Nistor (mama şi sora), cu aceeaşi motivaţie. Astfel V.N. află de la un coleg în 28.12.1916: “... îţi scriu în epistolă ştiri despre iubita ta mamă şi soră. Atât am auzit pe câmpul de război că duşmanul [Armata Română] când s-au retras le-au dus dimpreună cu iubita mea mamă ca ostatici”. Informaţie falsă, sau dezinformare, situaţia stătea de fapt cu totul altfel: “...când am ajuns în Bartolomeu [astăzi suburbie a Braşovului], o femeie din Zărneşti îmi spune spre marea mea surprindere că mama e în Braşov ... grăbesc încolo, când oficialul îmi spune că sunt deţinute acolo până ce se va dovedi că în ce împrejurări au lăsat [=părăsit] ţara... Au şi trimis 6 detectivi ca să stiricească [=descopere, investigheze] împrejurările... poimâine mă reîntorc la Braşov şi rămân acolo până le va elibera”.
Dar lupta cu cetăţenii ‘neloiali’ ai Imperiului (ai căror fii şi soţi luptau şi mureau pe front pentru acelaşi Imperiu) nu se opreşte aici, hărţuirea celor două femei continuă: “...vestea de internare m’a surprins – după ce le va fi ajuns că v’au chinuit atâta – măcar acum să vă dea pace. La toate te poţi însă aştepta dela ai noştri, cari nu ştiu în ce fel să-şi răzbune şi să facă rău când pot. Ţi va bate Dzeu pe toţi. Dară şi dacă s-ar întâmpla să vă interneze – atunci să cereţi să vă lase la Bük ori Lánzsér, ca să puteţi fi laolaltă cu Aurel” (14 mai 1917). Nesiguranţa e chinuitoare, intervenţii, speranţe şi dezamăgiri se succed: “Nimicirea sentinţei la tablă mă surprinde şi îngrijorează – ca să nu cumva acum iarna să vă mai poarte prin temniţe să vă trageţi vreo boală răcindu-vă” (1 noembrie 1917).
Singurul membru al familiei Nistor rămas în ţară şi neatins de persecuţii este tatăl lui V.N. Dar curând intră şi el în vizorul autorităţilor: “Ştirile despre deţinerea lui Taica mult m’au surprins – că nici el nu poate scăpa de batjocură. Să ştiţi că se prăpădeşte de nu umblă Milu să-l scape. Până când o să dureze ticăloşiile lor – nu li-e frică de bătaia lui Dzeu ?” (V.N., 1 februarie 1918).
Dar să privim şi la necazurile familiei lui Sâmpetrean (care lucra la Tribunalul Armatei a 7-a Austroungare). La 31 decembrie 1916, el scria lui V.N.: “Azi am primit o corespondenţă scrisă cu ceruză [=creion chimic]. Scrisoarea cunoscută a tatei. Zice întră altele: “suntem 231 români râşnoveni aici, cauza nu o ştiu pentru care suntem trataţi după calapodul celor osândiţi la perzare. Dzeu să se îngrijească de tine, căci al tău e viitorul”. Am rămas uluit citind corespondenţa. Iubitul meu părinte de 70 ani e târât de lângă mama mea bolnavă şi sora debilă, de acasă la Mezötur ! Model de om cinstit şi harnic ajuns de batjocură la adânci bătrâneţe !”, apoi la 1 februarie 1917: “Tata era într-o stare teribilă. E numai umbra lui. L-am scos din azilul acela, dintre oamenii aceia murdari, coldani. Acum e la moşia unui avocat de acolo [Mezötur] care cu nespusă bunăvoinţă a îmbrăţişat cauza lui. Aştept să sosească învoirea de la Braşov pentru Passierschein [=permis de liberă trecere]. De acasă de la sora primesc una după alta veşti rele”.

Posted by: Carol I May 17, 2004 03:53 pm
Hi Klemen. I have started to translate the text for you, but as I do not have very much spare time, it goes very slowly. However, here is the first fragment.

QUOTE
Aspects of the life of Romanian military priests in the Austro-Hungarian army (1914-1918)

With a population of 3.5 million, the Romanians from Transylvania and Banat gave the Austro-Hungarian army almost 500,000 soldiers during WWI, which represents 6% of all the imperial soldiers. Along the sacrifices of those on the frontline, a large part of the Romanian population in Hungary has suffered during the 4 years of war: incarcerations, arrests, internments, persecutions of the national and political Romanian leaders, the intelligentsia of the villages (the priests being among the first affected), the mobilisation of the teachers from the religious schools (so that they may be brought to the situation of being without teachers and therefore offering the authorities the pretext to close them), the latter nationalisation of the religious schools from the \"cultural area\".
Coming back to the Romanians on the frontline, among the measures that intended to use their national spirit in order to obtain a maximum engagement in battles (many Romanian regiments however had meritorious behaviour on the frontline, the Ivangorod battles being no singular example), can be mentioned the right to spiritual assistance from the Romanian military priests, Orthodox and Greek-Catholic.
Unfortunately, studies and research regarding the life and the activity of Romanian military priests from Austro-Hungary are very few. I will therefore try to sketch small fragments from this picture, using lesser known sources, but with the highest authenticity and emotion: letters sent from or received on the battlefields in Galicia, Bukovina or Italy by the Orthodox military priests. A brief review of the postal problems (including military seals) regarding the military spiritual service, can be found in two older articles, published in Curierul Filatelic no. 20.11.1991, pp. 8 and Buletinul ABB no. 3(11).09.1995, pp. 14-19.
The data reported now are in relation to military priest Virgil Nistor (henceforth V.N.), whose correspondence sent or received (approximately 150 pieces) I have used for research. Comments in square brackets [], belong to the author.

Posted by: Klemen May 19, 2004 02:37 pm
Zivjo Karol,

QUOTE
Hi Klemen. I have started to translate the text for you, but as I do not have very much spare time, it goes very slowly. However, here is the first fragment.


Thank you for your kindess and offer to translate this text, but you don't need to do the translation if you don't wana it or don't have the time. :| :roll:

BUT I would very much appreciate if you could tell me if there are appearing in this article any titles of any books or other sources from which the author has got his information for his article, especially for those exceprts which refer to the Romanians on the Italian Front.

QUOTE
The data reported now are in relation to military priest Virgil Nistor (henceforth V.N.), whose correspondence sent or received (approximately 150 pieces) I have used for research. Comments in square brackets [], belong to the author.


Can anyone check whether this private correspondence of the military priest Virgil Nistor was published in a form of a book in Romania? I have seen and read some similar cases when relatives today have found the old correspondence and decided to publish it as some sort of a memoires or diary. Is this the case here as well?

Who are other persons appearing in the article: S. Ludu and Luciu? Also military priests?

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: Carol I May 19, 2004 06:27 pm
QUOTE
Thank you for your kindess and offer to translate this text, but you don't need to do the translation if you don't wana it or don't have the time. :|  :roll:


No problem whatsoever, only that it goes very slowly.


QUOTE
BUT I would very much appreciate if you could tell me if there are appearing in this article any titles of any books or other sources from which the author has got his information for his article, especially for those exceprts which refer to the Romanians on the Italian Front.


There seem to be no references to books or other printed sources for this article. In fact, it is said that the information was obtained from the personal correspondence of Virgil Nistor, an Orthodox priest in the Austrian Army. Dan Grecu is a philatelist with a special interest in military post issues: field post offices, censorship etc. It therefore seems very likely that he personally consulted priest Nistor's war correspondence from the point of view of postal circulation as well as for the actual written content.


QUOTE
Who are other persons appearing in the article: S. Ludu and Luciu? Also military priests?


Yes, they seem to be other military priests with whom V. Nistor was in correspondence.

Posted by: Carol I May 19, 2004 06:45 pm
The second part of the translation:

QUOTE
The military priests (henceforth only the Romanian ones) served in the Austro-Hungarian army both on the frontline (in the first line - at the command of divisions, regiments or battalions where there were Romanians or at the army command or army corps commands) and behind the frontline (at hospitals, POW camps where they were caring for the prisoners from the Romanian or Russian armies, or at the Orthodox services in large garrisons).
Their number was estimated by V.N. at 30-40 in Bukovina, and 'about 60-70 individuals' in the Hungarian parts (Transylvania, Banat), thus a total number of 90-110 Orthodox priests in July 1916.
V.N. had the idea to put together an album of all these priests (with the photo and the necessary biographical data) issuing an appeal printed at Huszt on 30.07.1916, where he was serving at the First Reserve Hospital. The reaction of the priests was very prompt, receiving numerous support letters: \"I welcome this beautiful idea and I associate to it. The intended album will be a satisfaction for the priestly service and a scientific and historical opus for the future. At the Isonzo army there are 40 priests. This can be found from priest Boldea from Laibach [today Ljubljana], who will of course embrace your idea\", wrote priest Gavril Boca from 43rd Division on the Italian front (26 May 1917), as well as priest Bolohan from Prezemysl on 12 October 1916 and many others.
Unfortunately, the plan, although minutely prepared, had to be abandoned a year later due to objective conditions, widowing us from a major document.
From the letters we find interesting relations about the daily life of the military priests. Obviously, those behind the frontline enjoyed better conditions: \"Being the leader priest of the Greek-Orthodox office at 7 Armee I fare well. I am still in the centre [Sighetul Marmaţiei] and we regularly have newspapers and mail\" (V.N., 9 June 1915).
Those in the hospitals were confronting specific problems: \"...tomorrow we will return to Cernăuţi, not having a proper place for Verbandplatz [=ambulance] near the front. Once arrived in this place we had two days and one night of continuous work. Our poor Christians arrived wounded, maimed, dying and I could not get to sleep for a minute. The bandage station is in the courtyard of the local priest... I am now serving in a pretty church. I discuss with the local priests, stout men, but now saddened. Here [in Bukovina]... the priests are like in our places, somewhat open. The residence [of the Greek-Orthodox Bishopric in Cernăuţi] in the town, wonderfully built and decorated, is admirable. By looking at it the foreigners start to have other opinions about our church. I discuss with many people in the town, mostly priests, PhDs in Theology, high school and university teachers. They are all glad to meet a Priest from Ardeal. They are however all amazed by the lack of beard.\" (priest Ludu, 34th Division stationed in Cernăuţi, 24 August 1917). In his turn, V.N. wrote on 21 May 1918: \"...I am on my way to Huszt - after I have looked for five days several hospitals in Sătmar, Baia Mare and here [Carei] - about 4000 sick and somewhat lightly wounded - something very tiresome... I saw new lands - Romanian lands with prosperous people but somewhat lagging in culture\".

Posted by: Klemen May 20, 2004 11:01 pm
Zivjo Carol,

Thank you again for your outstanding efforts. I read your translations with great interest! Thanks again! biggrin.gif biggrin.gif biggrin.gif biggrin.gif biggrin.gif

QUOTE
here seem to be no references to books or other printed sources for this article. In fact, it is said that the information was obtained from the personal correspondence of Virgil Nistor, an Orthodox priest in the Austrian Army. Dan Grecu is a philatelist with a special interest in military post issues: field post offices, censorship etc. It therefore seems very likely that he personally consulted priest Nistor's war correspondence from the point of view of postal circulation as well as for the actual written content.


I see... That's too bad... :cry: Yes, I know Dan Grecu. As I have stated earlier I have hit him with e-mail several weeks ago about this article to ask him from which sources did he get these excellent information from, but so far I haven't receive a reply from him yet. :?

I think you might be right about he being in correspondence with other Romanian military priests, but nevertheless it would be very interesting to see any other letters of theirs especially if anyone of them was a regimental field chaplain with the troops on the battlefield.

My offer still stands: I am still looking for any memoires, diaries, articles or anything else what is connected with the Romanian soldiers on the Italian Front 1915-1918 with a special emphasize on the Isonzo Front 1915-1917. Surely there must be a book of memoires about this in Romania... Almost everyone has it... :roll: laugh.gif OK, except maybe Slovaks and Serbs... :|

Anyone? :?: Did any Romanian officers after the wrote wrote their memoires and perhaps also mention their service in the k.u.k. Armee in WW2? Like for instance Polish General Maczek who briefly mentions in his war memoires that he was an officer in the Austrian Royal Rifle Regiment on the Italian Front 1915-1918.

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: Klemen June 13, 2004 11:32 pm
My offer for any Romanian WW1 memoires or personal testimonials still stands.... heheh laugh.gif laugh.gif laugh.gif

BTW: Here are some sample pages from a war diary of the 39th Honved Infantry Brigade in June 1915, so that you can see how does look such a book. :wink:

URL: http://community.webshots.com/user/klemenl100

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: Carol I July 28, 2004 07:24 am
The third part of the translation:

QUOTE
On the front line everything changes, even though the years 1917-1918 are relatively calm on the Russian front. V.N., freshly appointed priest to the 28th Hunters Battalion, in Bukovina, writes: \"...in the first day we buried 3 individuals - struck in the middle of the road by a grenade. We are [...] on the mountains at 1020m, near Câmpulung [...] in a place protected from bullets - only the road is seen by the Russians, so you cannot go during daytime to Câmpulung... I slept two nights in a tent, near a battery that makes a terrific noise... The post works poorly - because the train does not go\" (23 August 1917); \"...I have moved with my tent to the command of the battalion on a mountain, in an old fir tree forest. We all sleep in tents... The communication is done only with mountain horses and on foot, a rather hard trip. The food [...] is also brought on horses from the train... In general it is quiet - here and there a gun blast\" (26 August 1917). But on the Italian front there are hard fights: \"Who has not been on this damned front does not know what a real war is. You cannot make one single step in safety. I do not know wherefrom they have so much ammunition, because not two minutes pass without hearing a shot. But the fact really is that every shot reaches its target. The Italian artillerymen are real masters. And we held the French and English in high honour. Here a division has a front of 2-3 km. This is the only way a division can stand 6-8 weeks. In two months a division is grinded if there are not big fights. For serious attacks, such as that from the 15th of this month, in 4-5 hours the division is finished. Who comes to this part of the front where we are (Asiago), does not return healthy. If you do not die or if you are not wounded you must fall ill in time. Every day it rains and snows. It is as cold as at the Epiphany [personal note: Orthodox feast celebrated on 6th of January - in Romanian 'Epiphany's frost' is equivalent to really cold weather and terrible frost]. The barracks are terrible. The wind blows the light on the table. It rains in bed. Day and night the fire is on and we still cannot get warm. Everywhere there are graves and unburied corpses. Even military priests are buried. We lost this far 4 [priests] as wounded or dying. We do not usually have below 15 dead per day at the Sanitäts Kolonne [=sanitary column]\" (priest Luciu, 43rd Division, 30 June 1918).

Posted by: Carol I July 29, 2004 08:31 pm
The fourth part of the translation:

QUOTE
But what were the duties of the military priests? \"I have returned from my holiday two weeks ago and in all this time I almost finished the confession and the communion at the division\" (priest Ludu, 34th Division, 8 December 1917).
It is best to quote the appeal of V.N., mentioned above: \"The priest in the same language and law gives better spirit to the troops, strengthens them in the game of death with the shield of faith. To the soldiers he gives strength and satisfaction, confidence in themselves and in the power of the Almighty and strengthens the hope in those that are almost hopeless. The success of the troops, their moral and sanitary condition, depend in the greater part on the eagerness of the military priest. [...] The advice and encouragement of the military priest is obeyed and believed quicker than the orders of the higher ranks. In hospitals [...] he is the real spiritual and bodily doctor, the father of the powerless, the support of the discouraged [...] easing the pain through his calm and encouraging words, caring for the condition [of the suffering] and even that of his family. In the hospitals in the country he has to be the teacher of the illiterate - he has to write their correspondence with their families. [...] Both at the troops and in hospitals the duty of the priest is to distribute books for prayer and for reading, newspapers, besides the duty to officiate as often as possible [...] The farther the soldier is from his own - in foreign countries - the harder he feels the lack of the advice and help of the priest\". Anywhere he is, the military priest has to be \"...a real apostle of the church and of the nation\".
The reward of this tireless work can be found in some of the letters: \"We have many believers, we have a lot to do, almost every day we walk outside - but we have the spiritual reward that we can ease in many ways the poor people. They wait for us as for God to come to them.\" (priest Luciu, at the command post Roşu, near Vatra Dornei, 5 July 1917). \"...Though I did not despair, but ruled by the love I have for my dear people, I administered to all of them the Holy Sacraments, I have strengthened and comforted them. Much I have contributed with my modest efforts to the beautiful result of the standing of our sons in the fights\" (letter to V.N., January 1916).
Quite touching is the description of a service on the frontline, at the 76th Infantry Regiment: \"Today was the holy service, almost the entire regiment was present. It was quite moving, when people hardened by the circumstances read with soft eyes in the prayer books taken from their bosom. Several voices have repeated 'Lord's Prayer' for their fallen or wounded comrades\", wrote on 13 June 1915 'faehnrich' [=2nd lieutenant] Dionis Nistor, one of V.N.'s brothers. The faith dictated that only three days later the author of these lines had to fall in battle. A telegram sent from 'Wolfsolid' to 'Wolfkamin' (ciphered name of the Command of the 7th Austro-Hungarian Army) in Lwow, communicates laconically this fact: \"Fähnrich Nistor was buried in front of the chapel of the cemetery in Komarno on 18 June\" (see the above mentioned article in Buletinul ABB no. 3(11), pp. 15 and fig. 15-17).

Posted by: Klemen July 30, 2004 10:09 am
Zivjo Carol!

Like they would say in Jerry Springer's show This is fr**kin good stuff! biggrin.gif biggrin.gif :laugh:

I am saving every part of your translation!

BTW: Do you (or anyone else) know if the Romanian National Library has its own online catalogue where I could search for some potentuial books about WW1?

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: Carol I July 30, 2004 11:00 am
QUOTE
BTW: Do you (or anyone else) know if the Romanian National Library has its own online catalogue where I could search for some potentuial books about WW1?

The http://www.bibnat.ro/menu.htm has a homepage, but unfortunately it is in Romanian only. There is a link to an http://w2.bibnat.ro/tfe/cautare_avansata.php but I could not make it work. You should probably try to contact them by e-mail at refer@bibnat.ro or at referinte@bibnat.ro

You can also look on the homepage of the http://www.bcub.ro/ in Bucharest. They have an http://193.231.8.205/ that seems to work.

A third possibility would be the http://www.bar.acad.ro/indexEngfr.html but the http://hp.bar.acad.ro:4330/ALEPH/ENG/XXX/eng-lib-list does not seem to work. However, they give an e-mail for references: biblacad@bar.acad.ro

Posted by: Klemen July 30, 2004 04:39 pm
Zivjo Carol!

This is why I like this section of forum. smile.gif smile.gif smile.gif smile.gif

QUOTE
A third possibility would be the Library of the Romanian Academy  but the online catalogue  does not seem to work. However, they give an e-mail for references: biblacad@bar.acad.ro


Not much online catalogues seems to be working...hehe... :? Na ja we shall see... I will send them all three of them my mail and we shall see. Does anyone know what is the percentage of I will ever get a reply back? So far I have send mails and fax to them and no replies back. It looks like everyone in Bucharest is sleping. :drunk: :loool:

BTW: Carol, can you please explain to me who is Emil Rebreanu?!:roll:

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: Carol I July 30, 2004 05:05 pm
QUOTE
BTW: Carol, can you please explain to me who is Emil Rebreanu?!:roll:

Emil Rebreanu (born on 17 December 1891) was a 2nd lieutenant in the Austro-Hungarian Army who was executed by hanging in Ghimeş on 14 May 1917 for trying to defect to the Romanians. As you probably have imagined, he was of Romanian origin. He became famous through his brother, Liviu Rebreanu, a Romanian novelist from Transylvania who settled in Romania in 1910. Liviu was very impressed by the tragedy and he wrote a short story, Catastrofa (The Catastrophe), and a psychological novel, Pădurea Spânzuraţilor (The Forest of the Hanged), about his brother's drama.

Some links (two English and one French) on Liviu Rebreanu with references to his brother Emil:

http://www.louwerse.com/romania/rebreanu.htm

http://museum.ici.ro/transilvania/bistrita-nasaud/english/cm_rebreanu.html

http://linguaromana.byu.edu/spiridon2.html

Posted by: Klemen July 31, 2004 04:14 pm
Zivjo Carol!

QUOTE
Emil Rebreanu (born on 17 December 1891) was a 2nd lieutenant in the Austro-Hungarian Army who was executed by hanging in Ghimeş on 14 May 1917 for trying to defect to the Romanians. As you probably have imagined, he was of Romanian origin.


Thank you for this info. But do you know perhaps any details about his military service in the k.u.k. Austro-Hungarian Army (which regiment was he serving?)? I think I have read in one of the messages on this forum that he was a heavily decorated officer from the Italian Front. Do you know any details about his career in the army between 1914-1917?

QUOTE
He became famous through his brother, Liviu Rebreanu, a Romanian novelist from Transylvania who settled in Romania in 1910. Liviu was very impressed by the tragedy and he wrote a short story, Catastrofa  (The Catastrophe), and a psychological novel, Pădurea Spânzuraţilor  (The Forest of the Hanged), about his brother's drama.


Oh, so this is his brother. When I looked for anything about him through net or book catalogues I could get many hits about one Liviu Rebreanu. :wink: But what about Liviu? Did he see any military service in World War I?

QUOTE
Some links (two English and one French) on Liviu Rebreanu with references to his brother Emil:


Thanks for the links. I have already seen ad read the last two, but not also the first one, so thanks again. :keep:

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: Carol I July 31, 2004 06:17 pm
QUOTE
Thank you for this info. But do you know perhaps any details about his military service in the k.u.k. Austro-Hungarian Army (which regiment was he serving?)? I think I have read in one of the messages on this forum that he was a heavily decorated officer from the Italian Front. Do you know any details about his career in the army between 1914-1917?

Sorry, I do not know anything about Emil's career.

QUOTE
But what about Liviu? Did he see any military service in World War I?

I have read a note that Liviu Rebreanu volunteered for service in the Romanian Army (he settled in Romania in 1910), but his request was denied.

Posted by: Klemen July 31, 2004 10:53 pm
QUOTE
Sorry, I do not know anything about Emil's career.


Too bad :cry: but it's OK. Let me know if you will find anything new. :wink:

QUOTE
I have read a note that Liviu Rebreanu volunteered for service in the Romanian Army (he settled in Romania in 1910), but his request was denied.


I see. smile.gif

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: Eu August 15, 2004 04:04 pm
It probably doesn't have any relevance to this subject, but my great grandfather, who served in the A-H army, fought on the Italian front. In fact he was a POW in Italy. Unfortunately, I wasn't able to find out his regiment or the battles he took part in.

If you're interested, you can see a document that belonged to him (he was awarded a red cross medal) at the following link:
http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=56953

Posted by: Klemen August 19, 2004 12:23 am
Zivjo EU!

Ups, it almost slipped my eyes... :rollroll:

QUOTE
It probably doesn't have any relevance to this subject, but my great grandfather, who served in the A-H army, fought on the Italian front.


Interesting..... :mrgreen: Tell me, did your great grandfather leave any documents or letters from the front? I mean to say how do you know he was on the Italian Front if you don't know which regiment was he in?

QUOTE
In fact he was a POW in Italy. Unfortunately, I wasn't able to find out his regiment or the battles he took part in.


Actually if you are really 100% sure that he was captured on the Italian Front, then you might find information about his unit, rank, parents, nationality, place of capture (!!!) and date of capture. There exist such files.

QUOTE
If you're interested, you can see a document that belonged to him (he was awarded a red cross medal) at the following link:


Do you know if he have received any other decorations? Contact me off line or via PM and we will continue this discussion further. I will give you the e-mail address to contact in regard of possible records of your great-grandfather. If he was decorated then there are soem chances that we could find his military records in Vienna or Budapest.

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: Victor September 18, 2004 09:53 am
It seems that the leader of the Romanian National Party from Transylvania and later of the National Peasants' Party and primeminister of Romania in the inter-war period, Iuliu Maniu, served on the Italian front. He was drafted in 1915, as a way to keep him under surveillance and although he could have taken advantage as his legal consultant status and stay home he served for 28 months on the Italian front at Piave, in a mountain artillery unit, starting from the simple rank of soldier and arriving at the rank of reserve 2nd lt.

Posted by: Klemen September 18, 2004 03:00 pm
QUOTE
It seems that the leader of the Romanian National Party from Transylvania and later of the National Peasants' Party and primeminister of Romania in the inter-war period, Iuliu Maniu, served on the Italian front. He was drafted in 1915, as a way to keep him under surveillance and although he could have taken advantage as his legal consultant status and stay home he served for 28 months on the Italian front at Piave, in a mountain artillery unit, starting from the simple rank of soldier and arriving at the rank of reserve 2nd lt.


Yep, you are right. I myself have just found out about his World War I service on the Italian Front a couple of days ago. Anyone know any more details about his time in the army? Has he written memoires or anyone his autobiography, where we could find/look for any further details?

I doubt he was 28 months on the Piave River. The Austrians and Germans did not reach this river until December 1917. Most likely he was on the Tyrol Front.

According to my friend also famous Romanian aviation pioneer TRAIAN VUIA was drafted in the k.u.k. Army and eventually found himself in a POW camp in France (-> this is not suprisingly since many Austro-Hungarian POWs from Serbia and Italy were send to France, including those captured by the French troops on the Piave, Mt. Tomba and Asiago sector in June 1918). Anyone know if this is true? I couldn't find any confirmation him ever being drafted and from what I could tell he lived in France before the war.

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: Victor September 18, 2004 03:18 pm
Maniu's Archive is at the Hoover Institute.

Posted by: Klemen September 18, 2004 11:11 pm
Hi Victor!

I think this mainly concerns his correspondence he had with American Romanians. I don't think we will be able to find much information about his life, political activities in Austro-Hungary (he was actually one of the few Romanians elected in the Hungarian parliament during the 1907 election) or his career in the Great War. sad.gif

But thanks for the hint anyway. smile.gif

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: Victor September 19, 2004 06:42 am
No, it is his entire archive, not only the correspondece with Romanian-Americans. In fact the info on his service was drawn from a biography published by Magazin Istoric from that archive. My guess is that you should at least give it a try.

Posted by: Klemen September 20, 2004 12:45 am
QUOTE
No, it is his entire archive, not only the correspondece with Romanian-Americans. In fact the info on his service was drawn from a biography published by Magazin Istoric from that archive. My guess is that you should at least give it a try.


Are you sure, Victor? unsure.gif I couldn't find any notes or other extra material about him on that website except some papers he wrote to Romanian community in USA. I have checked some issues of the Magazin Istoric (found a wonderful article about Romanians in Istria!!! I always wondered why my map of Istria from 19th century shows Romanians living in Istria!!!) and found there a short article about him, whre it says (if everything is right with my Romanian that he had served in IR 64 from Szászváros. This regiment, if I am not mistaken, fought on the Isonzo and then Piave Front. It would be majestic if he had left any written memoires form that time. cool.gif

QUOTE
Dar în 1918, monarhia „din petice" a cunoscut un proces de disolutie, oferindu-se popoarelor ei captive prilejul eliberarii si al împlinirii visurilor celor mai îndraznete. Partidul National Român si-a reluat activitatea, iar Iuliu Maniu, simplu locotenent în Regimentul 64 Orastie, a intrat în luna octombrie pe usa cea mare a istoriei. În anarhia generalizata, el a fost factorul mobilizator si organizator al masei de soldati români aflate în capitala imperiului. Zeci de mii de ostasi au fost grupati sub conducere româneasca, comanda suprema fiind încredintata generalului Ioan Boeriu, iar ministrul de Razboi al monarhiei, generalul Stäger-Steiner, a fost bucuros de existenta acestui corp de oaste, care putea asigura ordinea. Maniu a obtinut birouri chiar în cladirea Ministerului de Razboi din Viena. Unitatile românesti aveau sa fie trimise spre Transilvania, constituind osatura militara a procesului de preluare a autoritatii de catre români.


Thanks again for keeping your eyes open and let me know when you will find any other names or titles of books which contain any material about Romanians on Italian Front. wink.gif

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: Victor September 20, 2004 06:15 am
It sais that he entered sevice with the 64th IR in 1918 as a 2nd lt. The biography from the Simion Manuila archives within the Hoover Institute mention service starting in 1915 as a simple soldier.

Posted by: Klemen September 20, 2004 12:09 pm
QUOTE
It sais that he entered sevice with the 64th IR in 1918 as a 2nd lt. The biography from the Simion Manuila archives within the Hoover Institute mention service starting in 1915 as a simple soldier.


Thanks for the translation. This fits perfectly in his story about being on Piave Front. The IR 64 was part of the Colonel Guha's 69th Infantry Brigade of the 35th Infantry Division (FML von Podhoranszky) and was lined aong the Piave River. It would be though interesting to know which regiment did he serve before 1918? Probably the same. In any case, it would be nice to read some of his memoires form the war. I have send a message yesterday to Hoover Institute and we shall see how, where, if anything ... biggrin.gif

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: Victor September 20, 2004 05:11 pm
As I stated above, before 1918 he was in a mountain artillery unit.

Posted by: Dan Po October 28, 2004 06:13 am
Even is a little bitt out of topic I i want to remember that the italians formed some "alpini" units with romanian prisonier and dessertors. If I remember well were 1 batallion, "Avram Iancu". They were equiped with "alpini" uniforms and whey had the same organisation as those elite italian units. Maybe somebody know more about this subject ....

Posted by: Victor November 01, 2004 09:01 pm
During WWI four regiments were formed in Italy from Romanian POWs (former Austro-Hungarian soldiers). They were equipped and organized as the Alpini. They did not get to fight as the war ended by the time they were ready to be deployed.

Posted by: MAB38 November 17, 2004 08:13 am
I've not heard of mass desertion of Romanians in the Imperial Army on the Italian front either.
But there were lots of Czechs and Slovaks changing sides: the Czechoslovak Legion, with Italian equimpent, fought alongside the Italians.

One of the main reasons of a lack of deserters of Slovenes and Croats on the Italian front, is that there have always been ethnic tensions between them and the Italians of Istria and Dalmatia.
Italy was planning to take over all these territories, (according to the secret London pact of 1915, between the Entente powers and Italy), so the Italians were seen as competitors by the slav populations that lived inland on the Adriatic coast.
On the other hand realtions between Italians and Serbs were good, they had a common dislike of Austria, and had no inter-ethnic tensions.
But I'm going off topic now!

Posted by: MAB38 November 17, 2004 08:19 am
I didn't know about the "Romanian" Alpini, I have a friend in the ANA, Associazione Nazionale Alpini, I'll ask him if he knows where I can find any documentation on them.
The Alpini are a very popular army unit, their association is one of the largest of their kind in Italy.

Posted by: Carol I May 05, 2005 07:03 pm
Second lieutenant Eusebiu Jemna (with the foot on the rock) with his company, somewhere on the Italian front in WWI, before the Isonzo river battle (where he was wounded).

user posted image
Source: Mircea Jemna collection on http://www.memoria.ro/?location=gallery&action=collection&id=30#

Posted by: Carol I May 05, 2005 07:09 pm
Second lieutenant Eusebiu Jemna (first on the right on the upper row) before leaving the Baon v. Cholm hospital in Austria where he was treated after being wounded on the Italian front.

user posted image
Source: Mircea Jemna collection on http://www.memoria.ro/?location=gallery&action=collection&id=30&page=1#

Posted by: Klemen November 13, 2005 09:18 pm
QUOTE
Second lieutenant Eusebiu Jemna (first on the right on the upper row) before leaving the Baon v. Cholm hospital in Austria where he was treated after being wounded on the Italian front.


Thank you Carol for the photos. wink.gif Has Second Lieutenant Eusebiu Jemna left any war diary or memoires about his service in World War I? I couldn't find any note about any "written material" on Memoria.ro.

Anway I'm still looking for any diaries or memoires of Romanians from Italian Front 1915-1918. Could not find anything, except an unpublished short memoires of a Romanian Officer of German origin from Transilvania. dry.gif



Posted by: Carol I November 13, 2005 11:53 pm
QUOTE (Klemen @ Nov 13 2005, 10:18 PM)
Has Second Lieutenant Eusebiu Jemna left any war diary or memoires about his service in World War I? I couldn't find any note about any "written material" on Memoria.ro.

You are right Klemen, on Memoria.ro there is no material from Eusebiu Jemna himself, only from his son (Mircea Zemnea) who was born after WWI (in 1924) and who tells the story of his refuge from Cernăuţi in the summer of 1940.

Posted by: Klemen November 14, 2005 11:44 am
QUOTE
You are right Klemen, on Memoria.ro there is no material from Eusebiu Jemna himself, only from his son (Mircea Zemnea) who was born after WWI (in 1924) and who tells the story of his refuge from Cernăuţi in the summer of 1940.

Thanks Carol for a reply of what I have already suspected. sad.gif Nevertheless here you can find one of rare memoires of a Romanian Officer in the Auzstro-Hungarian Army 1914-1918, in this case a report by Lieutenant Octavian Taslauanu and his recollections of the Battle of the Carpathian Passes.

URL: http://www.firstworldwar.com/diaries/carpathianmemoir.htm

Nothing about Italian Front. I have checked the Maniu's Archive at the Hoover Institute like I have been suggested. They have nothing of his service in WW1, only about his post-war political career. They have several WW1 manuscripts by former Imperial Russian generals and officers, though.

Also wrote the Romanian University Library and got no reply back. The Romanian National Library doesn't seem to be working.

Is there anyone in Romania who is actually researching Romanians in the k.u.k. Austro-Hungarian Army or . . . ? blink.gif


Posted by: Carol I February 08, 2006 11:06 am
QUOTE (Carol I @ Apr 15 2004, 11:04 PM)
Major David URS de Margin[e]a - Romanian recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresia

An http://www.jurnalul.ro/articol_45553/memorie___un_nobil_roman_uitat.html in Jurnalul Naţional about the mansion of Col. David Urs (in Romanian language).

Posted by: Klemen June 03, 2006 06:44 pm
QUOTE
I've not heard of mass desertion of Romanians in the Imperial Army on the Italian front either. But there were lots of Czechs and Slovaks changing sides: the Czechoslovak Legion, with Italian equimpent, fought alongside the Italians.


There were indeed no mass desertions of Romanians from Romanian-Hungarian regiments, but there were still some notable individual cases of Romanians crossing the side, the most famous being a Romanian officer who defected to the Italians on the eve of the Caporetto offensive in October 1917. He was a staff officer and ran away with some confidential papers about the offensive. "Luckily" [wink.gif] the Italians didn't thrust him much. His surname, so it was recorded, was MAXIM. A bit strange for a Romanian, I think. Could he be a Romanian Jew or Transilvanian German?

I attach here two pages which I have received from Italian War Archives about Austro-Hungarian deserters. Perhaps it will be of some interest to you.

http://img366.imageshack.us/img366/7339/intelligencereport0102170018pw.jpg

http://img523.imageshack.us/img523/6269/intelligencereport0102170021mk.jpg

Anyway I am still eagerly looking for any diaries, memoires or just simple testimonials of Romanian soldiers or officers who have been serving in the k.u.k. Army during World War I, particularly on the Italian Front 1915-1918.

Is there still "total amnesia" about this subject in Romania or what? sad.gif I have checked everything what I could check and the result was/is zero. Even the Romanian military attache was of no help. blink.gif

Is there really not a single such book in entire Romania???

Posted by: Klemen June 03, 2006 06:53 pm
Perhaps this photo can be of some interest as well. It was taken at the Austro-Hungarian military cemetery in Prosek (Prosecco) near Triest (Trieste) by a friend of mine some years ago. I am sure that you shall be able to recognize the Romanian soldiers on it. Unfortunately many surnames have been mispelled - in this element are Italians very good. wink.gif

user posted image

Posted by: C-2 June 03, 2006 08:10 pm
Soon I'll post a biog. with photos and doc.of a relative of mine ,who served in the Austro-Hung army,took part at the fights at Verdun and the Italian front.
http://imageshack.us

Posted by: C-2 June 03, 2006 08:12 pm
http://imageshack.us
The photos will be changed with better ones....

Posted by: Klemen June 03, 2006 10:35 pm
QUOTE
Soon I'll post a biog. with photos and doc.of a relative of mine ,who served in the Austro-Hung army,took part at the fights at Verdun and the Italian front.


Wonderful! I am looking forward of his biography and better photos. biggrin.gif Yes, in 1918 the Austrias send an army corps to France made up of mostl Hungarian, Slovakian, Romanian and Polish troops. I have actually somewhere memoirs of a Polish soldier in the k.u.k. Army who was at verdun as well. He attended there a machine-gun training course and luckily didn't see much fighting.

Still looking for memoires, diaries, testimonials... I have found them for almost every nationality of the former monarchy, except Romanians and Serbs. tongue.gif

Posted by: C-2 June 04, 2006 03:49 pm
Be sure that my relativs memories,are with a lot of action.
He also served as Franz Josefh's personal guard,was in the early 20's in the Legion and in the Romanian army till the Caukaz.
Unfortunatly,his dauther has some work this month,and I'll met her in July.

Posted by: Klemen June 04, 2006 09:20 pm
QUOTE
Be sure that my relativs memories,are with a lot of action.


C-2, although I am more than happy to hear this, I don't understand. Do you try to say that your relative has left written but unpublished memoirs about his service in the Great war on the Italian and Western Front 1915-1918?

Can you tell me, please, more details about him. Do you know at least which unit was he serving during the war?

QUOTE
He also served as Franz Josefh's personal guard,was in the early 20's in the Legion and in the Romanian army till the Caukaz..


Which Legion? French Foreign Legion or ... ?

QUOTE
Unfortunatly,his dauther has some work this month,and I'll met her in July.


Thank you. Looking forward to read your relative's short biography VERY MUCH!

Posted by: C-2 June 05, 2006 09:32 am
Well my relative died in 1993 aged 96.
I first talked with him in 92 when he was already v old.
I'm gonna meet his dauther who has photos,awards and some stories told by him.
Unfortunatly nothing writen by him.
All I'll write are some oficial documents,and personal photos.
HE was born in Alba Iulia,served in the AH army in ww1 and for a short period in the Legion.I cannot tell in what legion,you'll have to tell it from some photos taken in N Africa.

Posted by: Klemen June 05, 2006 11:12 am
QUOTE
Well my relative died in 1993 aged 96. I first talked with him in 92 when he was already v old. I'm gonna meet his dauther who has photos,awards and some stories told by him. Unfortunatly nothing writen by him.


Really too bad that your relative did not leave any written memoirs or testimony about his participation in World War I. sad.gif

But how it is possible that I cannot find not a single memoir, not even indication that there might be one? All what I could find so far have been short memoir of a Romanian Officer called Tatarescu, who fought in Galicia in 1914-15 and deserted to Romania shortly afterwards. The rest is pretty blank and I have contacted the Romanian Archives in Bucheresti and some local archives and libraries in Transilvania. Some responded, some not. I tried to check the online catalogue of Romanian National Library, but didn't get any hits there either.

Any advice would be more than appreciated. Is there anyone in Romania who is researching this forgotten chapter of Romanian history?

Surely some of the veterans have written something after the war. They must have. Transilvanian regiments have been widely represented on the Italian Front, particularly IR 41, IR 50, IR 37, IR 61, IR 51 and IR 64. They have all been engaged in key battles on the Isonzo Front and later Piave.

What about autobiographies of Romanian WW2 generals who were former k.u.k. Officers? No one?

QUOTE
All I'll write are some oficial documents,and personal photos.


I am looking forward to this. Thanks in advance. smile.gif

QUOTE
HE was born in Alba Iulia,served in the AH army in ww1 and for a short period in the Legion.


Alba Iulia... This was Gyulafehervar or Carlsburg... IR 50 was stationed there. The regiment was engaged on the Italian Front - IV/50 with the 6th Gebirgs-Brigade and the other three battalions with 15th and 38th Brigade on the Isonzo and Tyrol. But most likely your relative was engaged with the k.u.k. 35th Infantry Division. The division fought on the Italian Front until early 1918, when it was sent to the Western Front. It was almost entirely made up from Hungarians and Romanians. It was formed from two infantry brigades:

* 69th Infantry Brigade
- IR 62 (Maros-Vasarhely or Tirgu-Mures) with three battalions
- IR 64 (Szaszvaros or Orastie) with three battalions

* 70th Infantry Brigade
- IR 51 (Koloszvar or Cluj Napoca) with three battalions
- IR 63 (Besztercze or Bistrita) with three battalions

He was in one of these regiments. The division was deployed at the Verdun-Front in summer 1918.

QUOTE
I cannot tell in what legion,you'll have to tell it from some photos taken in N Africa.


If he was in North Africa then he was most likely in the French Foreign Legion. He could be one of those Austro-Hungarian POWs who were captured by the French on the Western or Italian Front, taken to France, where they joined the Legion Etrangere. Intriguing story...



Posted by: C-2 June 05, 2006 12:24 pm
No No!
He wasn't a pow!
I belive that since he was a profesional soldier,and the AH army was gone,he looked for a "work place".

Posted by: Klemen June 05, 2006 01:52 pm
QUOTE
No No! He wasn't a pow!

Ah... cool.gif

QUOTE
I belive that since he was a profesional soldier,and the AH army was gone,he looked for a "work place".

I see. Were there no opportunities for Romanian officers from k.u.k. Army to serve in the new Romanian Army?

Posted by: C-2 June 05, 2006 08:56 pm
Well ,like I wrote,later he servd in the Romanian army till 1947 .He was then an leut.Col.

Posted by: Klemen June 05, 2006 11:48 pm
QUOTE
Well ,like I wrote,later he servd in the Romanian army till 1947 .He was then an leut.Col.


Thanks for clarifying this out.

A question for anyone who might know the answer: Does anyone know how many Romanian generals were there in World War II who started their career in World War I as Austro-Hungarian officers?

Posted by: Carol I June 05, 2006 11:57 pm
QUOTE (Klemen @ Jun 5 2006, 02:52 PM)
QUOTE
I belive that since he was a profesional soldier,and the AH army was gone,he looked for a "work place".

I see. Were there no opportunities for Romanian officers from k.u.k. Army to serve in the new Romanian Army?

Many former Austro-Hungarian officers were being given the chance to join the Romanian Army. Some of them even became chiefs of the general staff or ministers of defence in the inter-war period (see http://www.worldwar2.ro/forum/index.php?showtopic=953&view=findpost&p=27935 or http://www.worldwar2.ro/forum/index.php?showtopic=953&view=findpost&p=27939). The process however has not been without problems. If you would like to practice your Romanian, there is an article in the December 2004 issue of Magazin istoric: http://www.magazinistoric.itcnet.ro/?module=displaystory&story_id=735&edition_id=19&format=html by Dr. Petre Otu.

Posted by: Klemen June 06, 2006 12:13 am
QUOTE
Many former Austro-Hungarian officers were being given the chance to join the Romanian Army. Some of them even became chiefs of the general staff or ministers of defence in the inter-war period (see General Ion Ilcuşu or General Iosif Iacobici). The process however has not been without problems. If you would like to practice your Romanian, there is an article in the December 2004 issue of Magazin istoric: Integraţi, dar greu avansaţi by Dr. Petre Otu.


Thank you, Carol! Excellent article! Colonel (General) Ioan Boeriu is very famous as he won the MMThO. I presume none of these generals (Boeriu, Hanza, Pop, Iacobici, Ilcusu) have left any memoirs after the war about their service in WW1 and WW2, have they?

What about the rest of the "gang" [biggrin.gif] - 15 Colonels, 40 Lieutenant-Colonels, 102 Majors and 49 Captains? Did any of them raise in the inter.-war period through the Romanian military hierarchy and became a general or a hero on the East Front? I have checked some biographies of Romanian generals on this website of yours and all of them seem to be from the "Romanian Army School" (Lascar, Avramescu etc.).

BTW: While already speaking about memoirs and famous Romanians does anyone know if IULIU MANIU or DOMINIC STANCA have left any written memoires or autobiographies? I have found on one website about the history of Moldavia a short account by Dominic Stanca, where he described tge fighting in Bukowina, but unfortunately the author forgot to write down the name of the source from which he got this account. I tried to look through the catalogue of the Romanian National Library, but it is still "out of function". Checked the library catalogue of the University of Sibiu and could not find any works by Dominic Stanca.

Posted by: Carol I June 06, 2006 12:26 am
QUOTE (Klemen @ Jun 6 2006, 01:13 AM)
I presume none of these generals (Boeriu, Hanza, Pop, Iacobici, Ilcusu) have left any memoirs after the war about their service in WW1 and WW2, have they?

Unfortunately many officials (military and civilians) were arrested in the late 1940s for the guilt of having been serving the old regime. Most of them died in prison, like Iacobici or Maniu, without the chance of writing their memoirs. And since their papers were most likely confiscated when arrested, any chances of having some earlier documents are also rather slim.

Posted by: Klemen June 06, 2006 09:12 am
QUOTE
Unfortunately many officials (military and civilians) were arrested in the late 1940s for the guilt of having been serving the old regime. Most of them died in prison, like Iacobici or Maniu, without the chance of writing their memoirs. And since their papers were most likely confiscated when arrested, any chances of having some earlier documents are also rather slim.

I see. Well, actually I was more thinking if any of them has left (read - publish!) any memoirs about the war already during inter-war period. The public library catalogue of the Romanian National Library is unavailable to me. Are you of better luck?

It would be really nice to know more how well were ex-k.u.k. Officers incorporated into the new Romanian army.

I find it unbelievable that out of all nations of former monarchy the hardest to track are any Romanian WW1 memoirs. sad.gif

Posted by: Klemen June 08, 2006 11:45 am
Perhaps of little interest, but nevertheless... This is the only memoir of a Romanian in the k.u.k. Austro-Hungarian Army that I was able to track down.

"An Austrian Officer's Memoir of the Battle of the Carpathian Passes" by Octavian Taslauanu

November 16th

The fighting in the Carpathians, thanks to the difficulties of the ground and the severity of the season, demanded the greatest effort and suffering of which our Army was ever capable.

Those who have not taken part in it can have no idea of what a human being is capable. The resources of vital energy accumulated in our organism are simply prodigious. In particular, our Rumanian soldiers compelled the admiration of all by their fortitude. This quality in this country of mountains and winter made them first-rate troops.

The great Napoleon said: "La premiere qualite du soldat est la constance a supporter la fatigue et la privation. La pauvrete, les privations et la misere sont l'ecole du bon soldat." ["The highest quality of a soldier is constancy in endurance of fatigue and privation. Poverty, privation and misery are the school of the good soldier."]

You can bet we did our schooling all right, even going so far as the examinations, and if the bold Corsican had been with us and we had had an ideal to defend, we should certainly have been reckoned picked troops in spite of our faults.

But our leaders were anything but Napoleons, though, as a matter of fact, the Major of the 22nd Territorials rejoiced in the name of Napoleon. I have no opinion about his military ability, as I was never close to him, but I never heard of him distinguishing himself in any action.

November 17th

We had some frightful news this morning. The fighting Hungarian Lieutenant Szinte's company had been scattered, and he himself had bolted at top speed, thereby crushing one of his feet and taking all the skin off his nose.

Michaelis, the bookseller, had gone forward with fifty men to a wooded height. A few men of my company, including Sergeant Corusa, told me that they saw some thirty Russians stealing away in front of their line. They began to call out, "Feuer einstellen - Tuzet seuntes" ("Cease fire!").

Ox teams used for transport in the Carpathian MountainsAt this double command, in German and Hungarian, our men got up and left their shelter behind the trees. Then the Russians were heard to whisper: "Brzo, brzo!" ("Quick, quick!"), and they fired rapidly on our poor simpletons and then bolted.

In a few seconds we had only dead and wounded left, for hardly fifteen came back untouched. Poor Michaelis, hit in the left shoulder by a bullet which came out the other side, was killed and buried on the frontier. A Rumanian stretcher-bearer laid him on straw at the bottom of a trench and recited a paternoster over him. That was a real good soul, in a man devoted to his duty. God rest it. H is brother, the engineer, had had his forehead scraped by a bullet. Two other officers had been seriously wounded.

I was left alone, of all those who had left Fagaras with the battalion. Michaelis, my last companion, had just left me for ever.

In the afternoon I took fifty men to hold a slope covered with juniper trees. The men hastily dug trenches, and I manufactured a shelter of boughs and branches. Once more it snowed, and there was no question of making fires.

Everything was wrapped in a mantle of snow, whose virginal whiteness soothed us and made our thoughts turn calmly to death, which we longed for as never before. The men dug coffin-shaped trenches, so that when in the evening I went to inspect them lying in these ditches covered with juniper, they looked to me as if they had been buried alive. Poor Rumanians!

November 20th

An unforgettable day. I doubt if fiction has ever recorded scenes more comic, and yet more interesting, than those of November 20th.

First, a description of the situation is necessary.

We were holding the hills between the road from Radoszyce in Hungary and that which passes through Dolzyca to the frontier.

The terrain was very uneven and thickly wooded. Here and there a clearing or meadow could be seen, though even these were invaded by junipers. The line of our positions was prolonged over the wooded height opposite us, so that we had to fire to our left straight through the woods without seeing anything.

Austrian Skoda 305mm howitzerThe reports of our patrols did not enable us to get any very clear idea of the extent of our front, so Major Paternos and I went out to confirm their news from the spot.

The forest began in face of us, thirty or forty paces down the slope. We made our way into it and reached a stream. On the other side of the stream the woods became thicker, and we could get up the slope only with the assistance of projecting tufts and branches.

Beyond the top we found a battalion, about 300 strong, of the 47th Infantry. They had all gone to ground, and their Captain showed us thirty paces away, the crest covered with junipers, and told us: "The Russians are there."

But the undergrowth was so thick that nothing could be seen and no one could get through. This Captain was in despair, feeling that he had no chance of getting away. We understood it. His situation was very difficult. We shivered even as we listened.

Our sector was broken on the right, but on our left, three hundred paces off, the next sector had good trenches, which wound round in a bend to the Dolzyca road. The gaps were due to our lack of men.

In the morning the 12th Company was on duty. Mine rested in shelters in the woods, and we were served out with bread, tinned stuffs, winter underclothes, boots-even children's elastic slippers-and other luxuries.

The men, cold or no cold, lost no time in undressing to change their linen. I then saw human bodies which were nothing but one great sore from the neck to the waist. They were absolutely eaten up with lice. For the first time I really understood the popular phrase, "May the lice eat you!"

One of the men, when he pulled off his shirt, tore away crusts of dried blood, and the vermin were swarming in filthy layers in the garment. The poor peasant had grown thin on this. His projecting jaws and sunken eyes were the most conspicuous features of him.

Even we officers were regular hives. Fothi yesterday counted fifty. He pulled them one by one from the folds of his shirt collar. He counted them, threw them in the fire, and while we drank our tea and smoked, we scratched ourselves and laughed.

About midday I decided to change also. I began by washing, for I was filthy and black. From the time of our arrival at Laszki-Murowane, six weeks before, I had not known what it was to wash my mouth.

Austrian 305 crew setting up while under fire from Russian artillery positionsThe post had brought me from Hungary a toothbrush and some paste. What a joy once more to have white teeth and a clean mouth! In one's daily life at home one cannot imagine that such pleasures can exist. One thing at least war teaches us - to appreciate as never before the pleasures of peace!

I had just put on my shirts again - I always wore two or three - when I heard a shout from all sides: "The Russians are on us!"

Private Torna came to our shelter to announce: "Sir, the Russians are breaking through our line on the top!"

I did not yet believe it, but, at any cost, I asked my friend Fothi to conduct the company to the trenches. Meanwhile I hastily put on my boots, took my rifle, and rejoined the company as it was emerging from the wood.

There I stopped. I could hardly believe my eyes. What was it I saw? Along the whole front, the Russians and our men were in contact, staring at, threatening (with bayonets fixed), shouting at, and, in places, blazing away at each other.

Among the junipers, near to the trench we had dug three days back, the Russians and our men were scrambling together, fighting and kicking, around a supply of bread intended for the 12th Company. This struggle of starving animals for food only lasted a few seconds. They all got up, each man having at least a fragment of bread, which he devoured voraciously.

With a rapid glance I counted the Russians. They were not more numerous than ourselves, and I saw them drag our men away one by one by pulling at the corners of their blankets - for our shepherds had turned their blankets into overcoats.

One or two of them, a little more knowing than the rest, unfastened these coverings and, with a shake of the shoulders, left them in the hands of the Russians. The latter, well content with their prize, went their way laughing, while our men came back to us. I thought to myself that, after all, it could not be much worse in Siberia than it was here.

Some of the Russians now tried to surround us. One raw young recruit came quite close up to us and raised his rifle at me. I held mine to the ready in response. It was a thrilling moment. I don't know what it was, but something in my look prevented him from firing, and I too refrained.

He took to his heels and fled. But the shock had been too much for me, and, like a savage, I yelled in a fury: "Disarm them!"

Austrian mountain troops lowering a wounded comradeI threw myself on to the group nearest to us, and Fothi and I together wrenched the rifles out of the hands of the two Russian soldiers. They all surrendered forthwith like lambs. We took sixty of them. All our men wished to escort the prisoners.

I selected three as a guard, the third to walk behind and carry the Russian's rifle. I was obliged to have recourse to threats before I could induce them to enter the trench, and I then marched them off in file to the Commander-in-Chief.

And this is how bread, holy bread, reconciles men, not only in the form of Communion before the holy altar, but even on the field of battle. The peasants, who, in their own homes, whether in Russia or elsewhere, sweat blood in order to insure the ripening of the golden ear of corn which is to feed their masters, once they are on the battlefield forget the behests of these masters who have sent them forth to murder their fellows, and they make peace over a scrap of bread.

The bread which they have produced and harvested makes them brothers. After this scene not a single shot disturbed the forest, and those who had been able to preserve a whole loaf, quickly shared it brotherly fashion with the prisoners, the latter offering them tobacco in exchange. All this, of course, took place in front of our bivouacs in the heart of the forest.

I sent Fothi to the Major to ask for reinforcements, as I was expecting a second attack. The prisoners told me that the Russians had come about four hundred strong.

I did not have long to wait. An hour later, on the edge of the wood, a party of Russians appeared. They were standing with their rifles at the slope, beckoning to us to approach. One of our men left his party and came to tell us that the Russians wished to surrender, but that we ought to surround them.

It was no doubt a fresh ruse. A quarter of an hour before I had sent out a patrol of two men- a Rumanian and a Saxon - and they had not returned. The Rumanian had surrendered and the Saxon had been killed.

My reinforcements arrived, sixty men of the 10th Company, under Second Lieutenant Szollosy, the man who was always the best hand at cursing and belabouring our Rumanians. I sent his sergeant-major, a brutal and thoroughly repellent Saxon, together with twenty men, to the right to surround the Russians.

I certainly doomed them to death. I reckoned that if the Russians wished to surrender they would not wait for us to surround them first. They would lay down their arms and give themselves up. On the other hand, if they did fire on our men, all who had gone out to the corner of the forest would fall victims. But calculations are all very fine; on the field of battle they are apt to be misleading.

Austrian infantrySurrender was the last thing in the world that the Russians against whom our men were advancing with fixed bayonets had in mind.

I went over the top, clambering over the body of a man whose brains were sticking out of his head, and signed to them to surrender - they were at most 200 yards away.

But they still continued to call to us without attempting to move. I thereupon gave the command, "Fire!" and held my own rifle at the ready. At this point my calculations broke down. My Rumanians refused to fire, and, what was more, prevented me from firing either. One of them put his hand on my rifle and said "Don't fire, sir; if we fire, they will fire too. And why should Rumanians kill Rumanians?" (He was thinking of the Bessarabians.)

I accordingly refrained, but, beside myself with rage, tried to rejoin my right wing, where incredible things were happening.

The schoolmaster Catavei and Cizmas barred my way, exclaiming: "Stop, don't go and get yourself shot, too!"

Our men were advancing towards the Russians, and, with their arms at the slope, were shaking hands with them; and the fraternizing business started again.

"Surrender, and we will surrender, too. We're quite ready."

Our men were bringing in Russians, and vice versa. It was a touching sight.

I saw one of my Rumanians, towards Saliste, kiss a Russian and bring him back. Their arms were round each other's necks as though they were brothers. They were old friends, who had been shepherd boys together in Bessarabia.

We took ninety Russians as prisoners in this way; whilst they took thirty of our men.

But this was not the last of the adventures of that wonderful day.

I was afraid of a third attack. A Moldavian from Bessarabia, noticing what a handful we were, said to me: "If we had known there were so few of you we should have gone for you with sticks."

I again applied to the Major for reinforcements and a machine gun. As it happened, he had just called up a company of the 96th Infantry Regiment; they arrived almost immediately - 125 men, under Lieutenant Petras - and went to lengthen our right wing.

Austrian field artillery in PolandAs for me, the Major sent me to a bank on the left, to direct two machine guns where to fire in order to cut off the retreat of those Russians who had remained in the wood. I had hardly advanced a hundred yards before I heard a shout of "Hurrah!" in my sector.

I called out to the Major to find out what it meant, and went on. In a hollow I found a field officer - unfortunately, I have forgotten his name - who sent a lieutenant to accompany me to the machine guns.

But it was a Russian machine gun that welcomed us as soon as we reached the trenches. The bullets whizzed by, thick and fast. One grazed my leg, another came within a hand's-breadth of my head.

The Russians employ detachments of snipers, who creep into advanced positions and pick off officers only. Major Paternos had the fingers of his left hand shot off in his observation post. They are wonderful shots. I showed my respect for them by not leaving the trench until nightfall, when I returned to my sector.

Lieutenant Petras had attacked the Russians in the wood. That was the meaning of the cheers I had heard, of which the most patent result was the reduction of the relieving company of the 96ths to twenty-five men. Those who had entered the wood never returned, and had certainly fallen a prey to the Russians.

Once again I had escaped the dangers of that fateful day, which the Commander-in-Chief assured us, in a special Army Order, would be inscribed on the page of history.

Our scrap with the Russians may have been extremely comic, but at least we had held our positions - and that alone was a victory. We had been allotted the task of keeping the crest, from which, if they had been able to seize it, the Russians would have threatened our line in the rear and on the flank; and we had fulfilled it.

Major Paternos told us to draw up a list of the men who had distinguished themselves. We all received the second-class medal for valour, and three officers - Fothi, Szollosy and myself - were also awarded the Signum Laudis bar.

The Hungarian deserved it perhaps least of any of us. He was not even present when we took the prisoners; but he had the impudence to go to the Major and declare, in front of us all, that it was he who captured the first Russian.

Austrian riflemen on the march in PolandWe marched through a huge forest to Hocra, where the Command of the Twentieth Division was stationed. We only got there late at night, and our strength had dwindled to a quarter of what we had at the start.

Our little Budapest gentlemen had littered the road like flies. Many of them remained behind in the woods, weeping, and no one bothered about them. Some of our veterans had dropped behind, too. It was by the mercy of God if they escaped the frost and the wolves.

November 25th

All these villages of the Galician frontier were crammed with Jewish refugees from the Galician frontier. We found rooms filled by thirty to forty persons, men, women, little girls, children, and, of course, a seasoning of soldiers. all sleeping together in a heap. It is difficult to imagine a more complete picture of misery.

Our numbers were so seriously reduced that we were obliged to form two companies, a half-battalion, the last unit which preserved its individual supply arrangements, for although we were attached to the 1st Regiment of Honveds, we were messed by ourselves.

Here my company was dissolved, as it had now only the strength of a platoon, of which I was still the Commander. There were only two officers with precedence over me, and both of these were Hungarians - Szinte and Szollosy - so that in spite of the regret of my men and the indignation of many of my friends, I still remained a subaltern.

The dispersion of my company was the last straw. I made up my mind to say goodbye to battlefields, as I was nothing but a shadow and it was all I could do to drag myself along.

November 27th

At night we returned to Havaj. We left early for Stropka-Polena in a thick mist, cold and penetrating. Marching was a difficult business, for the men were worn out.

At Polena, a halt. But Austrian bureaucracy could not even leave us alone in the field. We had to get out a return of all the men's belongings which were missing, and ever would be.

What was there that our poor fellows did not lack? Everything they had on them was in rags, and filthy beyond words. Lice swarmed over them like bees in a hive. Most of them were barefooted, and had wrapped up their feet in rags tied round their tattered socks.

The feet of many were terribly torn and sore, but it was useless for them to go to the doctors. Strict orders had been issued that only those half dead should be admitted to hospital. One of our men remained in action for two weeks with his left arm broken by a piece of shrapnel, so he said. He was actually afraid to go to the doctor. There was, in fact, no question that the bone of his forearm was broken, but no flesh wound was to be seen.

Austrian hussars collecting their dead in GaliciaAbout midday we once more took the northwest road for Galicia. We climbed hills which had been well ploughed by Russian artillery. To get through a wood we had to swing by the trees. At the top we were stopped by Colonel Gombosh.

It was useless to tell him that we had our Major's orders to occupy another hill. He would not hear of it. He needed a reserve, and we must stay. Shells of all kinds fell thick and fast in the forest, and there was violent fighting everywhere, the swish of machine gun bullets being conspicuous.

Colonel Gombosh sent Szinte to take a house about 1,000 metres behind the Russian front line. Then he showed me a knoll from which I was to watch for his return and shoot his company wholesale if he returned with it. We then began to realize that we were dealing with one who had lost his wits. But Szinte's men went off to the Russian trenches - and few of them came back.

Night fighting in forests, where it is almost impossible to see even in daytime, has something quite unreal about it. All is confusion, and fear reigns supreme. Only the flashes can be seen, and it is by them that the enemy, his strength and position, can be seen. Group fights with group. Often enough you come upon your enemy from behind without knowing that it is your enemy. I once met a lieutenant whose cap was absolutely cut up at the back. He had got up to the Russians, crawling at full length. Bullets had sliced through his clothes. But he had come, dragging himself along from tree to tree.

The men passed the night in a wide trench, dug specially for the reserve, and I myself sheltered behind a tree, shivering with cold. The bullets struck the tree-trunks with a sound like the cracking of a whip. We heard that the Russians were using explosive bullets.

The minute you got up or moved from your protecting tree, you were gambling with your life. It was indeed a night of horror. At two o'clock in the morning certain platoons received an order to fix bayonets and drive the Russians from a trench. They approached, sent out scouts ahead, and found the trench full of the - 24th Territorials!

Russian soldier dead on the wireThey were within an ace of executing their orders and killing every single occupant. The Colonel's information was defective. The trench had been only partly occupied by the Russians, and was actually held both by our men and them. In fact, they had been having a shooting-match down the same communication trench. In the morning we returned to Havaj.

November 28th

We went back to the trenches. Towards five o'clock in the afternoon the Russians were at Stropko-Polena. They bade us good-night by sending over four shells, which burst round the village church. We did trench duty that night, relieving each other every two hours.

In the night one of our patrols brought us in three Russian soldiers, well-clad, healthy young men, two of whom were Russians, the third a Jew, "master of the Hebrew tongue." I can't say where he came from. It was he who had persuaded the others to surrender.

Our popular Major Paternos left us at last. He got poisoning in the wound on his hand and had a sharp fever.

That night I felt ill myself: I was reduced to skin and bones - I could hardly stand up. I had had quite enough of soldiering, and so made up my mind to go.

November 29th

In the morning with tears in my eyes I said goodbye to my men. Then, having gone through all the formalities, I walked as far as Bukocz and drove to Eperjes in two days, and from there took the last train to Budapest.

Both Eperjes and Cassorie were empty of inhabitants. I was the last officer of the unit who had started out with the battalion from Fagaras and had left the fighting area. After myself there was none left but Dr. Schuller.

Of our regiment of more than 3,500 men I had left only 170 at Havaj. Of the 11th Company, which had left Fagaras 267 strong, only five now remained, and six counting myself.

God had willed that I should return alive.


URL: http://www.firstworldwar.com/diaries/carpathianmemoir.htm

The title of the book is:

Tăslăuanu, Octavian C.: "Trois mois de campagne en Galicie; carnet de route d’un Transylvain, officier dans l’armée austro-hongroise", Paris, Neuchatel, Attinger frères [1918], 259 p. fold. map. 20 cm.

There also exist a Romanian and even English version of this book (Trei luni pe câmpul de războiu respectively With the Austrian Army in Galicia).

And this is unfortunately more or less all what I could find to my great saddness.


Posted by: Klemen June 09, 2006 10:51 am
Another "Romanian" World War I memoir - actually this one is from a Siebenbürgen German from Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben/Sibiu.

user posted image

Das vorliegende Buch ist den Schäßburgern besonders zu empfehlen: Der Autor ist zwar kein gebürtiger Schäßburger, aber viele Kindheitserinnerungen verbanden ihn mit dieser Stadt, und er liebte sie. Seine Mutter stammte aus Schäßburg, sie war die Tochter des bekannten Kaufmanns und Weinhändlers Josef Baptist Teutsch. Sie hatte den Regimentsarzt Schwarz geheiratet, der seinen Dienst zunächst in Kronstadt versah, dann aber immer wieder in andere Garnisonstädte versetzt wurde, sodass die Familie wiederholt umziehen musste. Hans Schwarz verbrachte so seine Kindheit und Schulzeit in Karlsburg, Mährisch-Weißkirchen, Prag, Wien - und in den Ferien bei Großmutter Henriette und Onkel Bapt Teutsch (Großvater Teutsch war früh gestorben) in Schäßburg. Auch später als Frontoffizier besuchte er einige Male die Stadt seiner Mutter. Nach dem ersten Weltkrieg hat sich Hans Schwarz als Kaufmann in Hermannstadt und Bukarest sein Brot verdient; er war Generalvertreter verschiedener deutscher Firmen in Rumänien. Gleichzeitig betätigte er sich als freier Journalist und übernahm nach dem 23. August 1944 für kurze Zeit die Redaktion des "Siebenbürgisch deutschen Tageblattes", dessen Erscheinen am 19. September 1944 von den Behörden eingestellt wurde. Im Sommer 1943 hatte er begonnen, für die Familie (er hatte sechs Kinder) seine Lebenserinnerungen niederzuschreiben. Bis zu seinem Tod im Jahr 1949 füllte er über 900 Seiten und gelangte bis zum Jahr 1917/1918.

Gudrun Schuster hat aus den Erinnerungen von Hans Schwarz eine Auswahl getroffen, Erlebnisse und Schilderungen in dieses Buch übernommen, "die zusammen ein Zeitbild ermöglichen und von allgemeinem Interesse sein könnten". Für den Schäßburger Leser sind in erster Linie die Kapitel interessant, die sich auf Schäßburg Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts beziehen: "Die Schäßburger Großfamilie", "Das Haus und die Straße", "Vereinstage in Schäßburg".

Man bekommt Einblick in das Leben einer Kaufmannsfamilie, die am Gesellschaftsleben, aber auch am deutschen Kulturleben regen Anteil nahm. Der Verfasser erzählt über die internationalen Erfolge der Weinabteilung der Firma "J. B. Teutsch", erwähnt den Anfang des Hopfenbaus, schildert die Rolle der Großmutter im Haus, die "viele Jahre hindurch täglich 25 Menschen am Mittagstisch hatte", aber auch Zeit fand für Hausmusik und die Tätigkeit im Frauenverein, dessen Vorsteher sie war; mit Humor werden Begegnungen mit verschiedenen Menschen und "Schäßburger Straßenoriginalen" sowie z. B. die Arbeit eines Berufsstandes geschildert, "der sein Gewerbe sozusagen bei Nacht und jenseits des gutbürgerlichen Taglebens trieb". ("Nach Mitternacht erst begann nämlich das geschäftige Wirken der Virtuosen des Schöpfeimers und der langstieligen Löffel ...")

Bedingt durch die beruflichen Versetzungen des Vaters, der bis zum Sanitätschef in Wien avancierte, lernte Hans Schwarz als Kind, Schüler und Student das bunte Leben im Vielvölkerstaat der kaiserlich-königlichen Monarchie, aber auch die nationalen Spannungen, die in Prag oft zu handfesten Auseinandersetzungen führten, kennen. Seine Erlebnisse als Kadett und junger Leutnant im ersten Weltkrieg sind zwar nicht atemberaubend, aber für uns dennoch von Interesse, weil sie aus der Sicht eines Siebenbürger Sachsen inmitten des multinationalen österreichisch-ungarischen Heeres wiedergegeben sind; Schauplätze sind die Front in Galizien, aber auch Hermannstadt, Kronstadt, Schäßburg - siebenbürgisch-sächsische Städte in den Kriegsjahren.

Bischof D. Dr. Christoph Klein schreibt im Geleitwort: Hans Schwarz versteht sich als Pendler zwischen zwei Welten, nicht nur als Siebenbürger Sachse. Das macht wohl das Besondere dieser Schrift aus, die Veranschaulichung dessen, wie jemand, der aus Kronstadt kommt, in Karlsburg und Schäßburg seine goldene Kindheit verbringt, sich hierauf in Prag, Mährisch-Weißkirchen und Wien einzuleben und durchzusetzen vermag und schließlich - nach vier Jahren Krieg an mehreren Fronten - in die Heimat zurückkehrte und als Hermannstädter sein eigenes Leben aufbaute.


URL: http://www.hog-schaessburg.de/sn20/buchrezensionen.htm

URL: http://www.siebenbuergen-institut.de/institut/mitteilungen/msi-4-2003.htm

URL: http://www.siebenbuerger.de/sbz/sbz/news/1074757530,83672,.html

I suppose no one has already read this book, eh? I am kinda interested with which regiment was Hans Schwarz serving during the war and where (Galicia, Carso, Isonzo, Piave?). Sibiu was the home of IR 31, a regiment which had seen plenty of front action in Galicia, on the Isonzo and Piave.

Posted by: Carol I June 09, 2006 02:11 pm
QUOTE (Klemen @ Jun 9 2006, 11:51 AM)
Another "Romanian" World War I memoir - actually this one is from a Siebenbürgen German from Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben/Sibiu.

You may also look for the memoirs of Generals http://www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk/biog/arz.htm born in Sibiu/Hermannstadt and http://www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk/biog/kovess.htm born in Timişoara/Temesvár. However, both of them had Saxon/German origins, not Romanian.

Posted by: Klemen June 09, 2006 02:38 pm
QUOTE
You may also look for the memoirs of Generals Arz von Straussenburg born in Sibiu/Hermannstadt and Kövess von Kövessháza born in Timişoara/Temesvár. However, both of them had Saxon/German origins, not Romanian.


Thank you Carol for your input. I am familiar with General Arz von Straussenburg's memoires. I have also heard for Kövess von Kövessháza to write some sort of memoirs after the war, albeit I never had the pleasure to read them.

Also generally I am more keen to search and read the diaries and memoires of junior officers or men. I am not much a fan of these generals memoires or biographies., if you know what I mean.

Do you think the Romanian War Archives might contain any unpublished manuscripts about Romanians in the k.u.k. Army? I have checked the online catalogueof US Library of Congress and they have about 16 Romanian WW1 personal narratives, but they all seem to be from Romanian and not Romanian-Transilvanians.


Posted by: Carol I June 09, 2006 03:00 pm
QUOTE (Klemen @ Jun 9 2006, 03:38 PM)
I am familiar with General Arz von Straussenburg's memoires. I have also heard for Kövess von Kövessháza to write some sort of memoirs after the war, albeit I never had the pleasure to read them.

I have also stumbled upon a third one: general and later marshal http://www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk/biog/rohr.htm born in Arad.

QUOTE (Klemen @ Jun 9 2006, 03:38 PM)
Do you think the Romanian War Archives might contain any unpublished manuscripts about Romanians in the k.u.k. Army? I have checked the online catalogueof US Library of Congress and they have about 16 Romanian WW1 personal narratives, but they all seem to be from Romanian and not Romanian-Transilvanians.

I have had no contacts with the Romanian Military Archives, so I cannot answer your question. You may try to contact them directly, but on their http://www.mapn.ro/arhivele_militare/eng/contact.htm there is only a fax number.

Posted by: Klemen June 09, 2006 03:06 pm
QUOTE
I have also stumbled upon a third one: general and later marshal Rohr von Denta born in Arad.

He was only born there because at the time of his birth his father was serving there as a junior NCO. Rohr was not a Transilvanian German.

I am also not sure if he has written some memoires after the war. I know that the 10th Army, which he commanded in Carinthia and Dolomiten, published a military newspaper.

QUOTE
I have had no contacts with the Romanian Military Archives, so I cannot answer your question. You may try to contact them directly, but on their homepage there is only a fax number.


I have contacted them twice so far - once by fax and once by mail (in 2003-04) and never received any reply from them. mad.gif I don't mind negative answers, but I sometimes get a bit angry if they don't even make any efforts to send a short answer in return.

Posted by: Carol I June 10, 2006 08:46 am
QUOTE (Klemen @ Jun 9 2006, 04:06 PM)
QUOTE
I have had no contacts with the Romanian Military Archives, so I cannot answer your question. You may try to contact them directly, but on their homepage there is only a fax number.


I have contacted them twice so far - once by fax and once by mail (in 2003-04) and never received any reply from them. mad.gif I don't mind negative answers, but I sometimes get a bit angry if they don't even make any efforts to send a short answer in return.

I'm sorry to hear this. It is unfortunately one of the things that still happen in Romania.

Posted by: Klemen June 10, 2006 02:19 pm
QUOTE
I'm sorry to hear this. It is unfortunately one of the things that still happen in Romania

What can I say... blink.gif dry.gif But has anyone of you perhaps ever been in the Romanian War Archives and looked at their WW1 catalogue? I am very interested if they have anything about Romanians from Transilyania, who were in the k.u.k. Army 1914-1918. The Kriegsarchiv Wien often emphasizes that after the war they have given some archive material to the states of successors, including Romania.

What about any museums or unviersity libraries in Transilyania? Oradea, Cluj-Napoca, Sibiu? Could they have anything?

Anyway to get back to the topic I believe I have found another Romanian WW1 memoires, at leats judging by his surname - MANESCUL. Unfortunately for me it only describes the war in Galicia in 1914. sad.gif

Doro Ritter von MANESCUL: "Meine Dritte Kompagnie. Tagebuchblatter des Lst.-Oberleutnants". Vom Armmee-Oberkommando(Kriegspressequartier) Genehmigt. Wien, Selbstverlag des Autors, 1916. The author served as a company commander in the Landsturm-Infanterie-Regiment Nr.22 (Czernowitz). This was a Romanian-Ruthene regiment. Unfortunately, it covers only the fightings in Galicia in 1914.


Posted by: C-2 July 22, 2006 12:15 pm
I opened a new topic on "Biografical reaserch",about my relative.

Posted by: Kepi September 24, 2006 06:06 pm
I finally found in my father’s house Dumitru Ciumbrudean’s book “Jurnal de Front. 1914-1918” (“Front Diary. 1914-1918”), Editura politica, Bucuresti, 1969.

Dumitru Ciumbrudean was a sympathizing socialist from Alba Iulia and fought from August 1914 till November 1918 within the 50th IR, first on the Eastern Front and from March 1916 on the Italian Front. On that last front he and his regiment fought on the offensive against the city of Arsiero (June 1916), in Tyrol, and on the 11th Isonzo Battle, on the Monte San Gabriele (September 1917), in Croatia.
He started the war as “Korporal” and in 1917 was appointed “Zugsfuhrer” (Sergeant). From January 1915 he was a telephone operator in the 3rd battalion of the 50th IR.

http://imageshack.us
This photo, taken from the book, represents (in a poor quality print) Dumitru Ciumbrudean near the telephone operators but at Tormeno-Seluggio, in Tyrol, on 26th February 1916.

Unfortunately there is nothing at the National Military Museum library about the Romanians in the AH armed forces in WW1. This subject didn’t interested Romanian military historians as they focused especially on the Romanian army actions or on the Romanians from Transylvania, ex-POWs, who fought as volunteers in the Romanian or Allied armies.

Posted by: New Connaught Ranger September 24, 2006 08:09 pm
Hallo Gentlemen biggrin.gif

With regards soldiers from Transylvania in the Austrian Army in WW1 there is a very interesting publication with regards:

REGIMENTULUI cezar si regesc Nr. 64 ORASTIE" (1860 - 1918)

by Mr. Dorin Petresc & Ioan Lazarescu published in 2004.
ISBN NUmber:973-622-154-7.

http://imageshack.us

some nice photos and old military postcards in connection with the regiment.

Kevin in Deva biggrin.gif

Posted by: sid guttridge September 25, 2006 07:35 am
Hi NCR,

Have you looked at the British Army's 1918 handbook of the Austro-Hungarian Army prepared because British troops were sent to the Italian Front in the wake of Caporetto?

It contains a thumbnail analysis of each nationality in the Austro-Hungarian Army. It rates the Romanians as the least reliable and least educated of all nationalities in the Austro-Hungarian Army.

Cheers,

Sid.

Posted by: New Connaught Ranger September 25, 2006 10:01 am
Hallo Sid, biggrin.gif thanks for the information, since moving to live in Transylvania its not so easy to get my hands on books written in English, and I never was a great one for buying books online huh.gif

The book I listed was published by a local guy here in Deva, and I posted it for anybody intrested into the history of a Austro-Hungarian regiment as you dont see many books written in Romanian, I got my copy from the author, for giving a display of my medals at the book launch.

With regards reliability and educated, the other end of the spectrum was an Austro-Hungarian fort that fell to the Russians with hardly a shot fired, the daily orders having to be transcribed in 24 languages and dialects and then posted ohmy.gif

Many of the armies in the Balkans, not only Romania relied heavily on peasant stock with no education, for manpower including Bulgaria, Serbia, Turkey, Greece,
etc...etc...

And I would imagine many of the Irish working classes who joined the British Army were poorly educated as well, with justa basic knowledge of reading and writing. After all thats what the officer class were there to do, all the complicated stuff tongue.gif

OFF TOPIC: There again the British intel on Japanese troops prior to the invasion of Burma was seriously flawed as well, with regards their fighting capability due to their chronic bad eyesight and small stature" OFF TOPIC.

Kevin in Deva. biggrin.gif

Posted by: Klemen September 26, 2006 12:16 am
QUOTE (New Connaught Ranger @ September 24, 2006 08:09 pm)


Dear Kevin & Kepi,

QUOTE
With regards soldiers from Transylvania in the Austrian Army in WW1 there is a very interesting publication with regards: ... some nice photos and old military postcards in connection with the regiment....


I shall reply in details to your two MOST interesting messages tomorrow evening, but I was wondering Kevin if you can tell me more about IR 64? It is the first time that I hear of it. Are there inside only photos and postcards or are there in the WW1 chapter also any accounts (testimonials or short memoirs or any other info) about this regiment and his participation in the Great War 1914-1918?

Regards,

Klemen

Posted by: New Connaught Ranger September 26, 2006 08:10 am
QUOTE (Klemen @ September 26, 2006 12:16 am)
QUOTE

I shall reply in details to your two MOST interesting messages tomorrow evening, but I was wondering Kevin if you can tell me more about IR 64? It is the first time that I hear of it. Are there inside only photos and postcards or are there in the WW1 chapter also any accounts (testimonials or short memoirs or any other info) about this regiment and his participation in the Great War 1914-1918?

Regards,

Klemen

Hallo Gentlemen biggrin.gif

I have made enquires about obtaing more copies of this book from the local bookshops, it seems the author Mr. Dorin Petresc has sole control over its distribution as he paid for the printing of it.

He works with the local Police authorities here in Deva and I will try and get in contact with him with the intention of obtaining some copies.

The book covers the history of the regiment, from the War of 1866 up to and into WW1 1918. There are some photographs, and some postcard images also some campaign maps.

Kevin in Deva. biggrin.gif

Posted by: Klemen September 30, 2006 11:28 am
Dear Kepi & New Connaught Ranger,

My apologies for belated reply but unfortunately my fragile health these days does not allow me to post rapid replies. So I answer here to the best of my abilities:

QUOTE
I finally found in my father’s house Dumitru Ciumbrudean’s book “Jurnal de Front. 1914-1918” (“Front Diary. 1914-1918”), Editura politica, Bucuresti, 1969.


Excellent news, Kepi! I wonder do you (or anyone) know if this book is still anywhere avaialble for sale or where I could at least order some photocopies of the interested chapter(s)? Being this so far the most concrete memoir of a Romanian from k.u.k. Austro-Hungarian soldier from the Italian Front 1915-1918 I am extremly interested in this book.

QUOTE
Dumitru Ciumbrudean was a sympathizing socialist from Alba Iulia and fought from August 1914 till November 1918 within the 50th IR, first on the Eastern Front and from March 1916 on the Italian Front.


Kepi: May you tell me which battles on the Eastern Front did he take part with his regiment? I find his story amazing. Very few memoirs that I have read or seen so far detail the the life of a soldier who was in the war from first till the last day of thew Great War.

QUOTE
On that last front he and his regiment fought on the offensive against the city of Arsiero (June 1916), in Tyrol, and on the 11th Isonzo Battle, on the Monte San Gabriele (September 1917), in Croatia.


Yes, IR 50 from Alba Iulia with its three battalions arrived to the Carso in August 1917 and took part as part opf the 15th Infantry brigade in the famous battle of Monte San Gabriele. But this place is in Slovenia and not Croatia. biggrin.gif Here is a wartime photo of Mt. San Gabriele. I believe it was taken shortly after Caporetto breakthrough.

URL: http://www.hervardi.com/images/skabrijel_kota_408_imenovana_vratca.jpg

And the photo of the hill today

URL: http://prohereditate.com/photo/mid/b0045.jpg

Our IR 87 was almost wiped out on Mt. San Gabriele, shortly before 3rd Division with IR 50 arrived from South Tyrol.

QUOTE
This photo, taken from the book, represents (in a poor quality print) Dumitru
Ciumbrudean near the telephone operators but at Tormeno-Seluggio, in Tyrol, on 26th February 1916.


Thank you. Excellent photo. You are right. In 1916-17 the regiment was in Tyrol, where it took part in all major battles. In fact IR 50 was a part of the elite 3rd Infantry Division (later re-named into Edelweiss Division). During summer 1916 it took part in the Operation "Strafexpedition" - the Austro-Hungarian Offensive in South Tyrol in May and June 1916. IR 50 was stationed in Arsiero. On his left flank was 1st Klagenfurter Mountain Rifle Regiment from Carinthia and on his right were positioned Czech IR 21 (Caslav) and Austrian IR 14 (Linz), the later regiment later distinguished itself so bravely during the re-conquest of Mt. San Gabriele.

Are there any more photographs (or even maps) in his book?

QUOTE
Unfortunately there is nothing at the National Military Museum library about the Romanians in the AH armed forces in WW1. This subject didn’t interested Romanian military historians as they focused especially on the Romanian army actions or on the Romanians from Transylvania, ex-POWs, who fought as volunteers in the Romanian or Allied armies.


I am very sadden to hear this. Can not say I am suprised, though. Still... Did Romania after the war not get any archive material and other documentation (including army service records) from War Archives in Vienna (Wien) and Budapest as part of the agreement which enabled the states of successors to receive some war archive material from the mentioned war archives? In Budapest and Vienna they have said to me that some material has been sent to you in Bucharest. I presumed these included service records of Romanian soldiers in the k.u.k. Army, because very few of them can still be found in Vienna and even less in Budapest due to destruction from 1944.

About any other Romanian WW1 memoires from k.u.k. Austro-Hungarian Army I guess our only chance are to check for any biographies, memoires or diaries of any famous Transilyanians, who might have been serving in the war and mentioned their episode in the k.u.k. Army in one of the chapters of their memoires/diaries/autobiographies. Can anyone think of any name? I have checked for some biographies of Transilyanian post-war politicians and those who wrote something were either too old or imprisoned during the war.

Can anyone think of any other names, which could be interesting? rolleyes.gif

Another thing: I have found this short personal account of Lt. DOMINIC STANCA, who served as military doctor in Moldavia and Bukowina during the war. I know that in mid-1918 he was sent with his cavalry regiment to the Italian Front (Montello Sector). Can anyone decipher from this article from WHICH book or article did they take this account by Dr. Stanca?? Also who is that Artur Pfeider? What he published in February 1986??

URL: http://www.fundu-moldovei.ro/istoric/index2.htm

QUOTE
Austro-Hungarian Army prepared because British troops were sent to the Italian Front in the wake of Caporetto?


Sid: I am afraid this is not a very reliable source of information. Full of mistakes and errors. sad.gif Have you read Francis Mackay's "Touring the Italian Front" and "Asiago", J. Wilks & Wilks' "The Italian Army in Italy 1917-1918"? They are better and much more accurate.

QUOTE
I have made enquires about obtaing more copies of this book from the local bookshops, it seems the author Mr. Dorin Petresc has sole control over its distribution as he paid for the printing of it.


Wonderful news! But please NCR can you share some more details about this book? Especially about the chapter in which author described this regiment in World War I. Did he use any (archive) documents or published sources, any newspaper articles, any old veteran's accounts & stories or his WW1 chapter mostly replied on wartime postcards and photogaphs therefore making this book more a regimental photo book? Keep me informed. wink.gif

QUOTE
He works with the local Police authorities here in Deva and I will try and get in contact with him with the intention of obtaining some copies.


Thank you, I would like that very much. When you see him, can you please also ask him if he knows any other published or not published sources about IR 64 in World War I - any (un)published diaries, memoires or manuscripts of former servicemen?

QUOTE
The book covers the history of the regiment, from the War of 1866 up to and into WW1 1918. There are some photographs, and some postcard images also some campaign maps.


IR 64 played very important role on the Italian Front 1916-1917, particularly during the 9th, 10th and 11th Isonzo Fronts. It was positioned on the Bainsizza Plateau and saw some very heavy fighting there during the bloody 10th and particularly 11th Isonzo Offensives. Very little is known actually about this regiment. Even in Budapest War Archive one cannot find much about this regiment. blink.gif


Posted by: Carol I September 30, 2006 07:16 pm
QUOTE (Klemen @ September 30, 2006 12:28 pm)
Another thing: I have found this short personal account of Lt. DOMINIC STANCA, who served as military doctor in Moldavia and Bukowina during the war. I know that in mid-1918 he was sent with his cavalry regiment to the Italian Front (Montello Sector). Can anyone decipher from this article from WHICH book or article did they take this account by Dr. Stanca?? Also who is that Artur Pfeider? What he published in February 1986??

URL: http://www.fundu-moldovei.ro/istoric/index2.htm

Hi Klemen. Unfortunately there is no reference to the source of Dominic Stanca's fragment on Fundu Moldovei site you indicated. As for Artur Pfeifer, there is nothing else except that he has published some recollections in February 1986. I would however guess they were not about the war in Italy, as the fragment speaks about the Russian occupation of Bukovina during WWI.

Posted by: Carol I September 30, 2006 08:27 pm
Speaking about Romanians from Bukovina on the Italian front, I remembered an anecdote about a relative of my wife. He has seen service in Italy with the AH army during WWI and on return he repeatedly told his family about the amazement of his fellow soldiers at "the poor Romanian spoken in those places".

Posted by: Klemen September 30, 2006 09:02 pm
Hello Carol,

QUOTE
Unfortunately there is no reference to the source of Dominic Stanca's fragment on Fundu Moldovei site you indicated.

Thank you Carol. I couldn't find any reference either, but just wanted to be sure since my Romanian is not as fluent as yours being the Romanian native speakers and so one.

QUOTE
As for Artur Pfeifer, there is nothing else except that he has published some recollections in February 1986.

No title? Nothing??? I have checked for both men in the online catalogue of the Romanian National Library and could not find any hits. I could only find a few works by Dominic Stanca, but they were about medicine, so I don't think they contained any recollections about his experiences as Austro-Hungarian military doctor in World War I. Stanca's recollections could be very interesting. He came to the Italian Front with his cavalry regiment in spring 1918 and took part in the Piave offensive on the Montello plateau.

QUOTE
I would however guess they were not about the war in Italy, as the fragment speaks about the Russian occupation of Bukovina during WWI.

Yes, I know. But I was hoping this is just excerpt from his memoires and he also described his service on other battlefields apart from Bukowina during WW1. That is if he was a soldier and not a civilian (native German from Bukowina), of course.

Any chance one of you could write to them and inquire what were their sources from which they received these accounts?

I have already written them in English, German and French and somehow I don't think they understood any of these languages as I haven't received any reply - A friend offered to write them in Hungarian, but something tells me that in this case they wouldn't reply back as well. biggrin.gif

QUOTE
Speaking about Romanians from Bukovina on the Italian front, I remembered an anecdote about a relative of my wife. He has seen service in Italy with the AH army during WWI and on return he repeatedly told his family about the amazement of his fellow soldiers at "the poor Romanian spoken in those places".

Nothing "amazing". All regiments from Bukowina were very mixed. Most of them were composed, especially during the later course of the war, with mixed personnel - there was a large percentage of Romanians, but also large percentage of Jewish, Germans, Hungarians, Ukrainians and Polish soldiers. So a common soldier or officer picked quite a lot of words from foreign vocabularies to adapt and understand his comrades in the regiment.

One of my relatives fought during the war in a Czech regiment and picked a lot of Czech words (especially for food), which he often used during the later course of his life much to the suprise and amusement of his wife and children. biggrin.gif

Posted by: Carol I October 01, 2006 10:08 pm
QUOTE (Klemen @ September 30, 2006 10:02 pm)
Nothing "amazing". All regiments from Bukowina were very mixed. Most of them were composed, especially during the later course of the war, with mixed personnel - there was a large percentage of Romanians, but also large percentage of Jewish, Germans, Hungarians, Ukrainians and Polish soldiers. So a common soldier or officer picked quite a lot of words from foreign vocabularies to adapt and understand his comrades in the regiment.

He did not mean that his comrades were speaking poor Romanian, but that his fellow Romanian comrades were amazed at "the poor Romanian" spoken by the people in Italy.

Posted by: Klemen October 01, 2006 11:51 pm
QUOTE
He did not mean that his comrades were speaking poor Romanian, but that his fellow Romanian comrades were amazed at "the poor Romanian" spoken by the people in Italy.

Oh, you mean... laugh.gif laugh.gif laugh.gif Yes, yes, I understand now what you mean. I said the same when I first began learning Latin language. Those Italians have really butchered it from tip to toe. biggrin.gif

Posted by: sid guttridge October 02, 2006 08:54 am
Hi NCR,

The essence of the British 1918 handbook was probably largely gleaned from the Italians and Russians.

It is not a reflection on inherent charactertics of Romanians, but on their circumstances. They were presumably regarded as least reliable of Austro-Hungarian minorities on the basis of past Italian and Russian operational experience and because they had little political commitment to the dual monarchy. Their limited education probably reflects the fact that higher education was largely conducted in Hungarian.

Cheers,

Sid.


Posted by: New Connaught Ranger October 02, 2006 05:39 pm
Hallo Sid, biggrin.gif

"The essence of the British 1918 handbook was probably largely gleaned* from the Italians and Russians."


* Covers a multitude of sins then tongue.gif

Probably the biggest illiterate force of other-ranks in Europe, would have been the Russian peasents.

Kevin in Deva. biggrin.gif

Posted by: Klemen October 03, 2006 12:03 am
Hey NCR,

Any news about about Petresc & Lazarescu's book "REGIMENTULUI cezar si regesc Nr. 64 ORASTIE" (1860 - 1918)"? I am dying here to find out any details about this book. Pleeaezze. biggrin.gif

Here are some of my questions (see post from 30th September 2006)

URL: http://www.worldwar2.ro/forum/index.php?showtopic=939&st=75#


Posted by: dragos03 November 02, 2006 12:53 am
Klemen, I've found a book that you might find interesting: Cpt. Constantin Gavanescul, "Zece luni in armata austro-ungara" (Ten months in the Austro-Hungarian army), Ed. Univ. Nationale de Aparare Carol I, Bucharest, 2006, ISBN (10) 973-663-434-5, ISBN (13) 978-973-663-434-5.

The author did not serve in the A-H army in WW1, he was one of the officers sent from Romania to train with the A-H army in 1907. The book was originally published in 1909.

Posted by: Victor November 03, 2006 08:31 am
Off-topic discussion moved here: http://www.worldwar2.ro/forum/index.php?showtopic=3668

Posted by: Dénes November 03, 2006 08:50 am
Thanks, Victor. Good move.

Gen. Dénes

Posted by: Klemen November 10, 2006 09:05 pm
QUOTE
Klemen, I've found a book that you might find interesting: Cpt. Constantin Gavanescul, "Zece luni in armata austro-ungara" (Ten months in the Austro-Hungarian army) . . . . . The author did not serve in the A-H army in WW1, he was one of the officers sent from Romania to train with the A-H army in 1907. The book was originally published in 1909.

Thank you for this input, Dragos. Much appreciated. I have to admit that currently I am not that "much interested" in such pre-war books, but nevertheless I have put your book on my list. I am currently in a pursue for any books by Roman Transilyanians, Banater and Bucovinians about their WW1 experiences in the A-H Army during Great War 1914-1918.

But thanks again for thinking at me, but please continue to keep your eyes open in the future as well. One day any such memoir(s) will be published... I can feel it... Ha Ha! laugh.gif

Posted by: dragos03 November 10, 2006 09:27 pm
Such memoirs were surely published in the inter-war period. Unfortunately most of the hisory-related books of the inter-war era were destroyed in the communist period and are very hard to find. However, I'm sure that the Library of the Romanian Academy has copies of such books.

Posted by: Klemen November 11, 2006 11:34 pm
QUOTE
Such memoirs were surely published in the inter-war period. Unfortunately most of the hisory-related books of the inter-war era were destroyed in the communist period and are very hard to find. However, I'm sure that the Library of the Romanian Academy has copies of such books.

Be as it may be one is having not only a very difficult time to obtain these books, but also a VERY DIFFICULT TIME to find even the titles of such book.

If you find any such titles on the Online Catlogue of the Library of Romanian Academy, please let me know -> http://www.bar.acad.ro/ biggrin.gif

From what I can see they don't have Dumitru Ciumbrudean's book.


Posted by: dragos03 November 30, 2006 10:36 pm
Here is one: Nicolae Avram - "War Journal".

It was not published but the original can be found at the State Archives in Sibiu, Acte Fasciculare, pachet O.II/ act nr. 7.

I don't know where he fought but he was conscripted since 1914.

Maybe you would also be interested in the memoirs of Romanian politician Petru Groza, "Adio lumii vechi" (Farewell, old world), Ed. Compania, Bucuresti. Groza was conscripted in the A-H army but as far as I know he wasn't sent to the front.

Posted by: Klemen December 01, 2006 12:35 pm
QUOTE
Here is one: Nicolae Avram - "War Journal". It was not published but the original can be found at the State Archives in Sibiu, Acte Fasciculare, pachet O.II/ act nr. 7. I don't know where he fought but he was conscripted since 1914.

This is getting better every time. Dragos, you are becoming quite an expert on this, aren't you? You are lately discovering undiscoverable. laugh.gif

Thank you for this another excellent news. But may I ask how do you know that his war journal deals with his service in the Austro-Hungarian Army during Great War 1914-1918? How could one find more information about this war journal? Is there any contact point, where I might ask which cmapaigns did the author fight and whether it would be possible to get some photocopies or digital photographs from it? rolleyes.gif

QUOTE
Maybe you would also be interested in the memoirs of Romanian politician Petru Groza, "Adio lumii vechi" (Farewell, old world), Ed. Compania, Bucuresti. Groza was conscripted in the A-H army but as far as I know he wasn't sent to the front.

Yes, I have been wondering about that too when I have stumbled upon his name during my research of prominent Transilyanian politicians and their memoires... I could not find any details from his life during WW1. In 1914 he was already well-educated and 32 years old. I reckon this would make him a fine officer candidate. Unless if he was exempted from the military service. But I can not loose a feeling that I have read somewhere that he, Iuliu Maniu and some other prominent Romanian politicians from Transilyania were interned in 1914-15.

Perhaps someone else can help us with this? Perhaps anyone has read his memoires?

Thank you again Dragos for this excellent reply. This thread has become like a phoenix from the ashes. biggrin.gif

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: dragos03 December 02, 2006 06:38 pm
I simply encountered a quote from Nicolae Avram's journal in a book I'm reading ("Ferdinand I vazut de contemporanii sai"). The quote is from 1914 and it is mentioned that Avram was conscripted in the Austrian army. You could try to contact the State Archives in Sibiu for more information.

Posted by: Klemen December 08, 2006 11:09 am
QUOTE
I simply encountered a quote from Nicolae Avram's journal in a book I'm reading ("Ferdinand I vazut de contemporanii sai"). The quote is from 1914 and it is mentioned that Avram was conscripted in the Austrian army. You could try to contact the State Archives in Sibiu for more information.

Thank you for your rapid reply, Dragos. May I ask in what circumstances is this Nicolae Avram's journal mentiond in your book "Ferdinand I vazut de contemporanii sai"? Does it says which aspects of World War I is covering? Author's experiences in Serbia 1914 or Galicia 1914-15? His experiences from Russian captivity in Siberia?

How can I contact the State Archives in Sibiu? unsure.gif

Posted by: Klemen December 17, 2006 12:27 am
Recently I have obtained a manuscript about the activities of the 50th k.u.k. Infantry Division during the Karfreit breakthrough in October 1917 from the War Archives in Budapest. The manuscript, written by the division commander at the time of the breakthrough, General Karel Gerabek also mentions the names of two Romanian deserters from IV/37 who deserted to the Italians two nights before the start of the offensive. One of them was Oberleutnant MIHAI MAXIM, who was acting "Stellvetreter" of his battalion commander and had acces to many classified documents, which he eventually took along during his escape to the Italians. He was also a very decorated officer.

Now what is particularly interesting in this manuscript is a note by General Gerabek in which he mentions that it was later revealed that one of Maxim's brother was a staff colonel in the Royal Romanian Army (Stabsoberst).

I am just curious but does anyone have any good idea who he might be? biggrin.gif

Posted by: Klemen June 25, 2007 07:30 pm
Dear friends,

The following book has recently come to my attention as being one of the ones which could contain some useful information about the Romanians in the k.u.k. Army in World War I.

I am here however having great difficulties to find any detailed information about this book nor a free copy that could be up for sale, so I was wondering if anyone of you has already read this book or know some further information about its contents? Judging by the name of the publisher it seems the book was sponsored by the Romanian Ministry of Defense, so I guess it can't be about the "animals and floura" of Transilyania. wink.gif

"In viltoarea vremurilor. Rememorari. Confesiuni. Attitudini" by Constantin Mustata, Editura Militara, 1988

I have only seen a few excerpts and from what I could decipher the author speaks about Transilyania in World War I. Dominic Stanca is mentioned in it and so is Captain Florea Medrea.

Best wishes,

Klemen

Posted by: C-2 August 28, 2007 07:27 pm
Hehee,
Found something new in the family arhives!
Another relative who served as a major ,in the A-H army!!
Soon .....

Posted by: mateias January 10, 2008 07:23 pm
QUOTE
Also on http://www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk/mmto.htm there is a Oberst Johann Boeriu von Polichna, commander of the 76th Infantry Regiment, who has received the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresia on 17 August 1918 (the 184th promotion).

According to his last name (Boeriu) he might have been Romanian


Gen. Boeriu, Gen. Moga and Lt. Iuliu Maniu commanded the Romanian units of the former A-H Imperial army which helped gen. Rudolf Freiherr von STOEGER-STEINER(War Minister) to save Vienna from anarchy caused by Communist propaganda in OCT. 1918 (they eliminated the soviet councils and militias).

Iuliu Maniu (future leader of inter-war Romanian National Peasant Party) was officer in AH Regiment no. 64 Orastie
For history of this regiment, info in this book published in 2004.
"ISTORIA REGIMENTULUI cezar si regesc Nr. 64 ORASTIE" (1860 - 1918)" by Mr. Dorin Petrescu and Ioan Lazarescu

Posted by: mateias January 10, 2008 07:43 pm
EMIL REBREANU was the younger brother of LIVIU REBREANU, an important Romanian novelist. E.R. was born on 17 Dec. 1891 in Maieru (Bistrita-Nasaud county/Transylvania), as the 5th child in a family with 14 children. Due to poverty he decides to enlist as a volunteer in the AH army and in 1915 he is sent to the frontline in Galitzia, Russia, Italy (Doberdo) and Wolynia, being wounded severally times. In May 1917 he arrives to the Romanian front, at Ghimes Pass. He decides against fighting the Romanians and plans to cross over the barbed wire lines, but is caught by a patrol and sentenced by the court-martial to execution by hanging.
L.R., his older brother published in 1922 a novel on this subject (The Forest of the Hanged), and the Romanian director Liviu Ciulei made of it a famous pacifist film known under the title "The Lost Forest" (1965). Ciulei was awarded the Best Director Prize at Cannes Festival in 1965.

Link to
http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/173281/The-Lost-Forest/overview

Posted by: mateias January 10, 2008 08:13 pm
The most senior officer position reached by a Romanian in AH army was gen. Traian Doda (from Caransebes, in Banat area), a former Chief of Staff of the Imperial Court in Vienna before WW1.
In Caransebes stands now his bronze statue (since 1995). See photo no. 7/11
at this link.
http://www.caransebes.ro/invatamant/LTD/istoric/istoric.htm

Posted by: Klemen January 16, 2008 12:41 pm
QUOTE
Gen. Boeriu, Gen. Moga and Lt. Iuliu Maniu commanded the Romanian units of the former A-H Imperial army which helped gen. Rudolf Freiherr von STOEGER-STEINER(War Minister) to save Vienna from anarchy caused by Communist propaganda in OCT. 1918 (they eliminated the soviet councils and militias).

Thank you for this excellent info, mateias. Glad to see someone interested in the Romanians in the Austro-Hungarian Army on this forum. biggrin.gif

But tell me have you during your research eevr come up with the names of Major Aurel Popovici who commanded a mixed Hungarian-Romanian Landsturm Battalion on the Isonzo Front in 1917 and won the MMThO on Fajtji hrib during the 11th Isonzo Battle in summer 1917? I believe he retired after the war to Temesvar where he passed away in early 1930s. Any further details about his post-war career?

I am also interested in Captain Florian Medrea whose name I have found in the short regimental history of 2nd Bosnian-Herzegowinian Infantry Regiment as commander of the MG detachment, so I was wondering whether this is the same man as the one Medrea who in 1918 helped to take power in Cluj.

MEDREA, Florian. Cpitan în armata austro-ungar, conductorul detaamentului ce a asigurat paza militar a Marii Adunri Naionale de la Alba Iulia la 1 decembrie 1918. Chestor în oraul Cluj (1928 œ 1934), prefect al judeului Bistria Nsud (1939), prefect de Orhei (1941), inspector la Sigurana Cluj. Ímpucat mortal pe strad, în 1946

QUOTE
Iuliu Maniu (future leader of inter-war Romanian National Peasant Party) was officer in AH Regiment no. 64 Orastie

Do you know when did Maniu come to the front?

QUOTE
For history of this regiment, info in this book published in 2004.
"ISTORIA REGIMENTULUI cezar si regesc Nr. 64 ORASTIE" (1860 - 1918)" by Mr. Dorin Petrescu and Ioan Lazarescu

I am searching for a copy of this book for ages! blink.gif biggrin.gif Still available anywhere for sale? But perhaps more than in this book I would be interested in a special unpublished manuscript about the History of IR.64 in Great War 1914-1918, which was written by General Avram and is listed as source in Petrescu's and Lazarescu's book.

QUOTE
EMIL REBREANU was the younger brother of LIVIU REBREANU, an important Romanian novelist. E.R. was born on 17 Dec. 1891 in Maieru (Bistrita-Nasaud county/Transylvania), as the 5th child in a family with 14 children. Due to poverty he decides to enlist as a volunteer in the AH army and in 1915 he is sent to the frontline in Galitzia, Russia, Italy (Doberdo) and Wolynia, being wounded severally times

Do you know which regiment was Rebreanu serving in? rolleyes.gif

Klemen

Posted by: mateias January 16, 2008 02:58 pm
For Klemen,

I know much too little about AH army simply because I do not know German or Hungarian and all my sources are Romanian ones and English sites on Google.

A. COL. FLORIAN MEDREA
1. On Google there is an extensive report made by Col. Florian Medrea in his capacity of commander of "Horia" Volunteers Corps (forerunner of Reg. 86 Infantry) and military adviser for Dr. Ioan Suciu. This unit cooperated with Hunters 2nd Division in the Apuseni Mts. offensive (April 16, 1919).


QUOTE
În fosta mea calitate de comandant al Corpului Voluntarilor Horia si de Sfetnic militar al lui Dr. Ioan Suciu, conducând aici o delegatie de fosti ofiteri, subofiteri si soldati din Corpul Vol. Horia, premergatorul Regimentului 86 Inf., ...


This is the link
http://www.darnick.com/halmagiu/anexe4.html

2. On the other hand, there are other links on Google mentioning his outstanding role in Alba Iulia and Cluj.
Also that Medrea's deputy forced August von Mackensen to get off his train at Teius railway station (Arad county) and forced to accept Mackensen's train being checked according to truce conditions.

This is the link.
http://www.jurnalul.ro/articole/11794/serial-ad-munteanu-jean-monnet-a-falimentat-romania

3. There is also a strange remark on him being killed in mysterious ways by "Nazis" somewhere in Alba county in a link on RAOUL SERBAN, a Romanian patriot who saved thousands of Jews from Transylvania occupied by Horthy'a army after Vienna Diktat.

QUOTE
In aceasta situatie Mendy Lehrmann, Ernest Marton si Ernest Hátszegi, ultimii doi facând parte din conducerea Comitetului pentru ajutarea refugiatilor evrei, „Vaad Hahacala” (Dr. E. Marton detinea si functia de presedinte al Asociatiei Sioniste din Transilvania), m-au informat ca „legatura” lor din România a devenit ineficace, ba nici nu mai este de gasit etc. (In privinta acestei „legaturi” a ramas imprimata in memoria mea numele colonelului ® Florian Medrea, asasinat de catre agenti nazisti, undeva in judetul Alba.)



This is the link.
http://www.geocities.com/rsorban/cronica.htm

B. ROMANIAN PRIESTS IN AH ARMY

This might be an interesting thread. I found out that Mr. Dan Grecu is a very special "bookworm" as he wrote a lot in a specialized philatelic magazine (a long list is enclosed !). He mentions over 100 Romanian priests ! This might lead to over 100 Romanian regiments ? The article also mentions many of these units.

This is the link
http://membres.lycos.fr/dgrecu/preoti_ABB.htm

Excerpts from DG's article:

1. At a population of 3.5 m, Romanians from Transylvania and Banat gave to AH army almost 0.5 m conscripts in WW1 (6% of total Imperial troops).
QUOTE
La o populaţie de 3,5 milioane, românii din Transilvania şi Banat au dat Armatei Austro-Ungare aproape 500000 soldaţi în anii primului război mondial, ceea ce reprezintă 6% din totalul militarilor imperiali.


2. Military priests (the article presents situation for the Romanian ones) were conscripted into the AH army both to the frontline (in the first line - at the level of divisions, regiments or batallions with Romanian troops, or at the level of Army and Army Corps), as well as behind the frontlines (in hospitals, prisoners' camps - where they looked after prisoners from Romanian or Russian armies, or providing Orthodox religious prayers in big garrisons).
Their number was estimated by Virgil Nistor/V.N. (the priest who collected all data - in 1917 freshly transferred to Hunters 28 Battalion in Bukowina) to 30-40 in Austrian Bukowina and about 60-70 in Hungarian areas such as Transylvania and Banat, thus a total of 90-110 Romanian orthodox priests in 1916.

QUOTE
Preoţii militari (în continuare este vorba doar de cei români) serveau în cadrul Armatei Austro-Ungare atât pe front (în prima linie – la comandamentele de divizii, regimente sau batalioane unde existau români, sau la comandamentele de armată şi corp armată), cât şi în spatele frontului (la spitale, în lagăre de prizonieri – unde îngrijeau prizonieri din armata română sau rusă, sau la servicii ortodoxe din marile garnizoane).
Numărul lor era estimat de V.N. la 30-40 în Bucovina şi ‘circa 60-70 inşi’ în părţile Ungariei (Transilvania, Banat), deci un total de 90-110 preoţi ortodocşi la un moment dat (iulie 1916).


Dear Klemen, if you understand Romanian, it will be OK, if not ...

Posted by: mateias January 17, 2008 01:02 am
All kinds of everything one may find at this link, including lists of Romanian troopers from AH army decorated in Italy, Romanian prisoners in Italy, etc. Many of them fought under AH flag, but for German army (?). These can be found in Cluj University Library (published in various magazines, books ,etc.

http://www.bcucluj.ro/re/oc/BistRO1999-2004/CUPRINS/BV06f.HTM

Posted by: mateias January 17, 2008 01:15 am
For Klemen,
http://www.timpulgj.ro/arhiva/385/cultura.htm

Posted by: Klemen January 18, 2008 10:53 am
Mateias,

QUOTE
I know much too little about AH army simply because I do not know German or Hungarian and all my sources are Romanian ones and English sites on Google.

Actually in this case I am more interested in the Romanian sources about Transilyanians in the k.u.k. Army from 1914-1918. my plan was to find any memoires of Romanians from Transilyania or Bukowina who fought with the k.u.k. Army on the Serbian Front 1914 or Italian Front 1915-1918, but so far I have been fairly unsuccessful. I have been able to obtain Dumitru Ciumbrudean's memoires, which I think you probably already know them and I have been able to find the another title by Dominic Stanca, a military medic in WW1, but unfortunately his book seems to be non-existing anywhere because nobody can find it.

QUOTE
1. On Google there is an extensive report made by Col. Florian Medrea in his capacity of commander of "Horia" Volunteers Corps (forerunner of Reg. 86 Infantry) and military adviser for Dr. Ioan Suciu. This unit cooperated with Hunters 2nd Division in the Apuseni Mts. offensive (April 16, 1919).

This could be he. But the problem is always the confirmation. I was told that Medrea and Florian are quite well-known Romanian names and surnames.

QUOTE
B. ROMANIAN PRIESTS IN AH ARMY This might be an interesting thread. I found out that Mr. Dan Grecu is a very special "bookworm" as he wrote a lot in a specialized philatelic magazine (a long list is enclosed !).  He mentions over 100 Romanian priests ! This might lead to over 100 Romanian regiments ? The article also mentions many of these units.

We have already discussed about this website at the beginning of this thread. biggrin.gif Great article. Number of priests does not necessarly mean that there were also 100 Romanian regiments. Romanian field chaplains were also attached to the Navy, field hospitals, brigade headquarters and other institutions.

QUOTE
Their number was estimated by Virgil Nistor/V.N. (the priest who collected all data - in 1917 freshly transferred to Hunters 28 Battalion in Bukowina)...

Yes, I noticed that this Virgil Nestor gets often quoted in his article. I wonder where did he get info about him. From what I have been able to understand he extracted these information from his postcard and letter fond and not his memoir or something like that.

QUOTE
Dear Klemen, if you understand Romanian, it will be OK, if not ...

Language has generally never been much of an issue for me. biggrin.gif

QUOTE
All kinds of everything one may find at this link, including lists of Romanian troopers from AH army decorated in Italy, Romanian prisoners in Italy, etc. Many of them fought under AH flag, but for German army (?). These can be found in Cluj University Library (published in various magazines, books ,etc.

Thank you for this list, M.! ohmy.gif wink.gif I went through it and there are two or three interesting articles. Most of other soruces seem to be about Romania in WW1 or Romanians in Russian or Italian Legion. I did notice this article:

Rus, Dorin Ioan; Szab�, Etelka; Szab�, Arthur. Lista solda�ilor din regimentul 22 Tirgu-Mure� decora�i dup� b�t�lia de la Asiago (La liste des soldats du r�giment 22 Tirgu-Mure� d�cor�s apres le combat d'Asiago). In: Angustia, 2004, 8, p.151-166.

Have you already had the chance to see it? The Hungarian-Romanian regiments on the Asiago Plateau in June 1918 fought together with Croatian regiments against the French forces. Interesting but widely forgotten story.

What is this Angustia??

Posted by: Klemen January 18, 2008 11:02 am
QUOTE
For Klemen, http://www.timpulgj.ro/arhiva/385/cultura.htm

I am not sure this is Dominic Stanca we are looking for. Dominic Stanca which I am looking for was no a poet and novelist but a doctor. He worked after the war as a doctor on improving the medical service in Transilyania and above others founded the Someseni Spa. Look here: http://someseni.tripod.com/

In 1930s he published his book "Intre doul fronturi", a book which I am having impossible times to find today. In 1918 he was namely a regimental doctor with one of the Romano-Hungarian Hussar regiments and sent to the Piave Front, where he saw some action at Montello Plateau.

BTW: Speaking of Romanian books tell me have you had the chance to read Liviu Maior's book about the Romanians in the Habsburg Army? blink.gif

Posted by: mateias January 18, 2008 06:39 pm
For Klemen,
1. Wow ! You're quite a fast reader, congratulations. I suppose you speak French too. Well, K.u.K. is not really my favourite subject and I'm amazed to see how much you know on it.
2. No, I did not read Ciumbrudean's memoirs. Not even Liviu Maior's book. But I promise you that I'll try.
3. Dominic Stanca, poet and novelist, was born in a physician's family (the site mentions it). His father was really good and Google says there are schools and streets named after him in Cluj and Orastie.
3. I think is "Augustia" instead of "Angustia" (probably related to a Roman emperor and a legion or city named after him in Dacian territory conquered by the Romans). Never heard of the magazine.

Posted by: mabadesc March 19, 2008 04:36 am
For Klemen (and any other people interested).

I know you're specifically interested in Romanian soldiers participating in Italy and Gallipoli during WWI.

This isn't about romanians, but it's an interesting read:

http://www.pattonhq.com/pdffiles/gallipoli.pdf

It's a historical study written in 1936 by (then) Colonel Patton, entitled "The Defense of Gallipoli".

I hope you'll find it interesting.

Take care.

Posted by: mateias November 08, 2008 01:01 pm
For Klemen (reply to his message dd. Jan 16, 2008

Re: EMIL REBREANU

E.R. was drafted in 1914 as an underlieutenant in a hussar (dragoon) regiment.

Source: VALER POP's memoirs (one of the 2 Romanian officials who signed Vienna Diktat in 1940, awarding one third of Transylvania to Horthy's Hungary). VALER POP and E.R. were schoolmates and drafted at the same time. However, VALER POP does not specify number of REBREANU's regiment. Probably easier to find more details in LIVIU REBREANU's memorial house.

Posted by: 21 inf November 08, 2008 02:39 pm
Romanians ex-AH soldiers, POW at italians, raised a romanian regiment called "Horea" in order to fight as volunteers against AH monarchy. They fought on italian front.
They came in Romania in 1919 and in 10 may 1919 they changed name in 97 Infantry Regiment "Odorhei", after their later teritory of recruitment.

Posted by: Klemen November 26, 2008 12:19 am
Hello Mateias,

QUOTE
E.R. was drafted in 1914 as an underlieutenant in a hussar (dragoon) regiment

Thank you for this information, Mateias. It strikes me a suprise that Rebreanu was a cavalry officer. I was always under impressioned that he was an infantry officer. The cavalry has namely not seen much of the action on the Italian Front between 1915 and 1916, when Rebreanu escaped to Romania. Still, it's good to know. At least we know now where to look. laugh.gif

QUOTE
Source: VALER POP's memoirs (one of the 2 Romanian officials who signed Vienna Diktat in 1940, awarding one third of Transylvania to Horthy's Hungary). VALER POP and E.R. were schoolmates and drafted at the same time. However, VALER POP does not specify number of REBREANU's regiment. Probably easier to find more details in LIVIU REBREANU's memorial house.

Interesting... What about Valer Pop's memoirs? blink.gif Does he dedicate a chapter in them to his service in World War I? In the Austro-Hungarian Army? Which regiment did he go to??? Speaking of memoires did you have perhaps any luck with Dominic Stanca's or Zaharia Boila's memoires? huh.gif
---------------------------------
Hello 21 inf,

QUOTE
Romanians ex-AH soldiers, POW at italians, raised a romanian regiment called "Horea" in order to fight as volunteers against AH monarchy. They fought on italian front.

Where on the Italian Front? I know that Czechoslovak and Yugoslav Legions saw service on the Italian Front and I know that some Polish officers were also used for propaganda role by the Italians, but I have never come upon any information confirming that any of the companies of the Romanian Legion took part in the actual fighting. Can you therefore shed any light on this subject???

Best regards to both of you.

Klemen

Posted by: 21 inf November 26, 2008 03:57 am
Klemen, as soon as I'll found that info, I'll share.
The subject is still under my research, so I cant say more now.

Posted by: mateias November 26, 2008 05:29 pm
For Klemen,

One of the most important Transylvanian-born officer who fought for A-H army (WW1) and German army (WW2) is ARTUR PHLEPS (probably ARTHUR). His best references helped him in getting a chair at the Romanian military academy in inter-war period. Plenty of info on him in English, French, German, Romanian.

For a start
URL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artur_Phleps

Mateias

Posted by: mateias November 26, 2008 06:52 pm
For Klemen,

Some details on VALERIU POP, former officer in A-H army and later in a new Romanian regiment (in 1919).
Data taken from his memoirs "AMINTIRI POLITICE. 1936-1945", Vestala Publishing House, Bucharest, 1999, 238 pages (no pictures, no maps).

His participation to WW1 in pages 178-187 as an artillery officer.

Interesting literary style (very short phrases), combining personal life with events on all fronts. Thus you have a better image on everything.

Drafted to Vienna on July 27, 1914 (the Arsenal, heavy artillery regiment - sedentary section). Moved to 7th Batallion (Komarom) - cpt. Schneider. 2 months training in the fortress. Promoted to Vormeister. NCO school in Komarom at 6ht Regiment - heavy artillery. Promoted to corporal. Selected as a trainer. Promoted to Feuerwerker Kadettaspirant (In parallel, IULIAN POP, his brother, was drafted in IR63).
30 May 1916 - departure to Italy (Vienna-Innsbruck-Trient). Tione, Pinzolo. Col. Seyfried's sector (alignment Care Alto-Ospedale-Stava-Roca-Ragada-Tresanella. Glaciers beyond Como di Lares, retreat thru Furgiroda pass (2800m), Val Lares, Seniciaga. Small detachment commanded by underlieutenant Mates (Czech). Dismantled cannons carried to 2100m (helped by Russian POWs and villagers from Carisolo).
ROMANIAN ENTERS THE WAR (Aug. 1916)
Promoted to underlieutenant (Faenrich). Observation post on Gruberspitze. Winter.
Italian attack against Como di Cavento outpost (3450m). No losses, 0ver 2000 Italian attackers captured. Award for bravery Signum Laudis. Sent to Trient to attend telephone communications course. Charged with telephone communications for the whole front sector, attached to artillery Gruppenkommando located on Stavel.
1918 - Brest Litovsk
Dispatched to Vienna to attend course on toxic gas protection (great misery, famine and moral destitution in Vienna; luxury in Budapest).
Administrative adjutant to major Humbold, artillery commander. Informed on setting up a Romanian Legion in Italy (POWs). Fieldmarshal Koves charged with defence of Danube alignment. No moves on Italian front. Italian offensive on Piave and toward Vittorio Veneto. Breakthru in Tonale pass. Forced march to Bozen. Captured by Italians and led to Tonale. Prisoner in Ponte di Legno. Propagandists sent by the Czech Legion. Sent to Cittaducale where Romanian officer POWs are concentrated into a Romanian Legion commanded by Gen. Ferigo, former Italian military attache to Romania.
Problems within the Italian army (lack of discipline and respect paid to officers). Repatriation is accelerated. March to Tarranto harbour. Aboard the Italian S/S is col. THOMPSON (later Lord Thompson, War Minister), former British military attache to Romania. In Constantza harbour on 17 April (Good Friday). After holiday, his battalion assigned mission in campaign against the Hungarian Red Army. 9 May 1919 - in Cluj (Koloszvar), assigned to Artillery Regiment 32 (col. Vladescu). Early July 1919 - demobilized.

CONCLUSION: VALERIU POP saw action only in Italy (conscripted from 1914-1918 in A-H army). In the Romanian Royal army conscripted, but did not actually go to the front areas.

Mateias

Posted by: mateias November 29, 2008 09:19 pm
For Klemen,

IOAN BOERIU (1859-1949) is the Romanian-born officer who reached the highest rank in both A-H army and Romanian Royal army.
He commanded IR76 (Esztergom, Hungary) and for his exploits was awarded several military orders (Theresian, Leopold), including the title of Baron von Polichna (colonel David Urs was also Baron, von Margina/Marginea/correct is Margineni near Fagaras: 1816-1897).
BOERIU commanded all Romanian regiments (60,000 troops) stationed in Vienna and outskirts, being charged by the last Imperial War Minister to crush the Bolshevik rebellion in Vienna (1918) and he also helped the Czech to become independent, sending there a Romanian regiment.
In the Romanian Royal army BOERIU was the first commander of the newly set-up 7th Army Corps (1920-1921). At retirement age was replaced by gen. HENRI CIHOSKY. He also served as the commander of the Sibiu garrison (Hermanstadt).
BOERIU died in 1949.
There are several links in Romanian dealing with BOERIU and DAVID URS bios (including pictures).
The most detailed ones :
http://www.asociatiunea-astra.ro/site/fp/d18nr8182.doc

http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Urs_de_Margina



Mateias

Posted by: Klemen December 03, 2008 04:49 pm
My friends, it seems that slowly things are changing.... wink.gif

On Monday, 1st December 2008, Mrs. Dana Manuela Constantinescu, the current Romanian ambassador in Slovenia, unveiled a monument dedicated to the Romanian soldiers who were killed on the Isonzo Front from 1915 to 1917. The ceremony took place on the military cemetery in Branik in the Vipava Valley, where many Romanians, who fought during the conflict mostly on the Carso sector of the front, were laid to their final rest.

user posted image

http://www.siol.net/slovenija/novice/2008/12/na_soski_fronti_padli_romunski_vojaki_dobili_svoj_spomenik.aspx

Posted by: Klemen December 03, 2008 06:41 pm
Hello Mateias,

QUOTE
Some details on VALERIU POP, former officer in A-H army and later in a new Romanian regiment (in 1919).... Data taken from his memoirs "AMINTIRI POLITICE. 1936-1945", Vestala Publishing House, Bucharest, 1999, 238 pages (no pictures, no maps). His participation to WW1 in pages 178-187 as an artillery officer. Interesting literary style (very short phrases), combining personal life with events on all fronts. Thus you have a better image on everything....

Thank you mateias for this brief but very useful synopsis of Valeriu Pop's memoires. So if I am understanding you right the chapter where he speaks about his experiences in World War I is a mixture of extracts from his personal life combined with the events worldwide and other front, meaning that he doesn't write in the first person while expressing his feelings and observations while stationed on the front? Correct?

Would it be possible somehow for you to scan these nine pages from his memoir, where he describes his odssey in World War I?

Still, it is interesting to read here the life story of a man who later became a famous character in the political life in Romania and who served during the war in the k.u.k. Austro-Hungarian Army. It would be nice if you would keep watch for any further such memoires... I think I have already mentioned this to you, but one of the last good source about Romanians in the A-H army could be the memoires of Romanians from Transilyania, like Valeriu Pop, who might have included a chapter or two about their war experiences in their memoires. By searching for such books we sometimes actually get lucky... I know for myself that I did discover some great books by this method. biggrin.gif

Speaking of them Mateias is there any chance you could also somehow obtain copies of Dominic Stanca's memoires "Intre doua fronturi" (Cluj, Editura Patria, 1935) and Zaharia Boila's memoires "Memorii" (Cluj, Biblioteca Apostrof, 2007) - see the link:

user posted image

Link: http://www.ne-cenzurat.ro/arhiva/necenzurat_19/html/nr19_cultura.html

Zaharia Boila was 21 when the war started. This was also the age when men were drafted for service. wink.gif

best regards,

Klemen

Posted by: Klemen December 03, 2008 06:45 pm
By the way: I have finally been able to find a website which provided some details about Dominic Stanca's military service in World War I - he served as a regimental surgeon with the 3rd Honved Hussar Regiment in Bukowina and Montello (Piave). Here is the link:

QUOTE
Personalitate stiintifica a Ardealului onorand stiinta medicala, patriot roman cu activitate meritorie pentru faurirea ROMANIEI MARI,"talentat in istorisiri de intamplari, dar si purtator de condei", dr.Dominic Stanca s-a nascut la 4 octombrie 1892, in Petrosani, fiind fiul mai mic al familiei Stanca. Stdiile primare si secundare le face la Petrosani, iar cele superioare (Facultatea de medicina) la Cluj-Napoca (1910-1915). Dupa obtinerea doctoratului (1916), lucreaza ca medic militar (sublocotenent) la Spitalul Garnizoanei II Viena, de unde este trimis pe frontul de est, in Volhinia. Se remarca in actiunea de combatere a tifosului exantematic. In iunie 1916, este avansat la gradul de locotenent, lucrand la Spitalul militar din Budapesta. Este transferat, in curand, ca medic sef la regimentul 3 Husari (Honvezi), pe frontul din Bucovina, unde activeaza neobosit la combaterea tifosului exantimatic. Este ranit in torace. In februarie 1918, medicul locotenent Dominic Stanca pleaca cu regimentul pe frontul italian (la Piave - Montello), luand parte la "marea ofensiva" (15 - 16 iunie 1918). Este ranit, apoi gazat cu disfosgen. Dupa dezmembrarea frontului italian, dr. Dominic Stanca se intalneste la Cluj cu patriotul Amos Francu (1829 - 1891), primind indrumari in vedera pregatirii pentru MAREA UNIRE.
Revenind in localitatea natala, este cooptat membru activ in "Comitetul Sfatului Muncitoresc" din Petrosani, si in "Sfatul National al Poporului Roman", din Valea Jiului.
La 1 DECEMBRIE 1918, la MAREA ADUNARE DE LA ALBA IULIA, dr.Dominic Stanca a participat ca delegat oficial (cu credentional) din partea " Reuniunii femeilor greco-ortodoxe romane", din Petrosani. "Era frig afara, o zi innegurata de iarna - isi amintea - dar caldura din inimi fremata peste imensa multime adunata. Toti credeau in marea eliberare din lanturile robiei de veacuri si in UNIREA care sa le asigure viata demna atat de mult asteptata". In anul 1940, dupa Diktatul de la Viena, dr. Dominic Stanca, organizeaza Spitalul de stat din Orastie, iar in 1943, un spital pentru Crucea Rosie (cu 300 de paturi), la Suceava. Medicul practician si cercetator, dr. Dominic Stanca, publica (intre 1920-1940) o suma de articole de specialitate in reviste romanesti ("Clujul medical", "Revista de balneologie si climatologie" etc.) si straine ("Zentralblatt fur Dermatologie' - Viena, "Magyar nogyogyaszat" - Budapesta etc.). Ca medic cercetator si-a revendicat dreptul de a se sti ca a utilizat mucegaiul in medicina cu mult inaintea lui sir Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) descoperitorul penicilinei (1929). Inzestrat ca si fratii sai Sebastian si Constantin, cu predispozitii literare, pe care le vor implini, mai tarziu, Dominic (1926-1976), fiul sau Radu (1920-1961) si Horia (n.1909), nepotii sai, publica in 1935 volumul de evocari din primul razboi mondial, "Intre doua fronturi...', un memorial-document de prim ordin intru cunoasterea vremurilor din care a iesit ROMANIA MARE. El onoreaza paginile unor publicatii cultural-literare interbelice, precum: "Societatea de maine", "Transilvania", "Cosanzeana", "Utunk", "Foaia noastra", etc., si acorda in ultimii ani de viata interviuri, depanand "clipe de viata" dintr-un destin roman cu adevarat exemplar. N-a avut satisfactia recunoasterii meritelor sale, dupa cum nici pe cealalta, de a-l vedea pe fiul sau, Dominic, inflorind in literatura si in teatru. "Unii castiga batalia cu viata, altii o pierd, Eu sunt - scria Dominic Stanca, fiul - dintre cei care au pierdut-o. Si tatal meu apierdut-o, si Radu Stanca. Noi, Stancestii, nu putem castiga". Dr.Dominic Stanca - "un om pentru oameni", cum ii placea sa se considere - inceteaza din viata la Cluj-Napoca, la 1 aprilie 1979.


Link: http://ro-gateway.ro/node/195193/comnews/item?item_id=198997

Posted by: Klemen December 03, 2008 07:10 pm
Hello Mateias,

QUOTE
IOAN BOERIU (1859-1949) is the Romanian-born officer who reached the highest rank in both A-H army and Romanian Royal army. He commanded IR76 (Esztergom, Hungary) and for his exploits was awarded several military orders (Theresian, Leopold), including the title of Baron von Polichna (colonel David Urs was also Baron, von Margina/Marginea/correct is Margineni near Fagaras: 1816-1897).

Thank you for this wonderful material about General Boeria. He is already a known man in my book. Rest assure. here are some material about him and the action which won him the highest military decoration of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy - the MMThO.

Johann BOERIU
http://www.shrani.si/?31/xs/1AXJpeZc/pb230047.jpg
http://www.shrani.si/?2W/yK/3Jv8BC2D/pb230048.jpg
http://www.shrani.si/?45/bf/2oJFlECr/pb230049.jpg

and here is another Romanian MMThO recipient - Major Konstantin POPOVICI
http://www.shrani.si/?3T/kI/HTij9Oj/pb230050.jpg

Happen to know his place and date of death??? unsure.gif

best regards,

Klemen

Posted by: Klemen January 04, 2009 01:34 pm
A friend of mine sent me this morning a couple of photographs from the Romanian memorial service in Rihemberk in early December last year, so I thought to post here a couple of them for you to see them... And to see the monument, of course. biggrin.gif

http://www.shrani.si/?3B/Z1/11kPJ9rj/pc010001.jpg

http://www.shrani.si/?Y/Hv/47C76m8t/pc010006.jpg

http://www.shrani.si/?2g/C3/gsqKF5q/pc010008.jpg

http://www.shrani.si/?V/VV/4zc11DZb/pc010009.jpg

http://www.shrani.si/?3K/zN/4xAFAWmT/pc010015.jpg

http://www.shrani.si/?3N/tU/4AhsfAEJ/pc010017.jpg

http://www.shrani.si/?P/Xs/1J9CaAPY/pc010018.jpg

http://www.shrani.si/?3h/lc/3bIKU5oB/pc010020.jpg

Klemen

Posted by: 21 inf January 04, 2009 07:10 pm
Klemen, thank you and your friend for this images from the comemoration of romanian soldiers who died in your country.

I saw a few men wearing ww1 uniforms participating to the comemoration. Are they reenactors? Can you give me some info about them or put in contact with them as I am myself a reenactor from 3rd transylvanian volunteer regiment Avram Iancu who fought in ww1?

Posted by: Kepi January 04, 2009 07:40 pm
It's a small world...

The AH reenactors belong to a slovenian historical assciation that commemorates the traditions of the 87th KuK Infantry Regiment (see: http://www.drustvo-ir87.si/e_i.htm ).

We have met them during the historical show of Komarom, Hungary, of September 2004. ( http://www.6dorobanti.ro/img/articles/11b8659833.jpg ). Even if they wore austro-hungarian uniforms, they "fought" beside us because the romanian detachment was too small. biggrin.gif

It was nice they have commemorate the ethnic romanian soldiers who died in Slovenia during WW1. It would be great if a group of romanian volunteers of the 3rd Regiment "Avram Iancu", would also attend that event...

Maybe next time...

smile.gif

Posted by: Klemen February 06, 2009 05:56 pm
Monument dedicat eroilor români

Luni 1 decembrie 2008, Oficiul Naţional pentru Cultul Eroilor împreună cu Ambasada României in Republica Slovenia a oganizat ceremonia dezvelirii Monumentul eroilor romani ridicat în localitatea Branik, situată la circa 100 km de Ljubljana.

Monumentul marcheaza locurile de înhumare ale celor 47 de militari români din cimitirul local şi va fi un simbol în amintirea celor peste 500 prizonieri români precum şi a miilor de eroi români morţi pe câmpurile de luptă din Slovenia (1915-1918), ca soldaţi k.u.k. (trupe cezaro-crăieşti).

În Primul Război Mondial, teritorii slovene şi româneşti făceau parte din Imperiul Austro-Ungar astfel încât peste 20 000 români au fost înrolaţi în armata imperială şi trimişi pe frontul din Slovenia, numărul celor căzuţi în luptă fiind necunoscut până în prezent.

Pentru materializarea acestui proiect, Ambasada Romaniei la Ljubljana a desfasurat, pe intreg teritoriul Sloveniei, o bogata activitate de documentare prin vizitarea a numeroase locuri de inhumare, contactatea autoritatilor locale, consultarea surselor referitoare la Primul Razboi Mondial la dispozitie in Muzeele din Nova Gorica si Kobarid.

Unul din motivele pentru care a fost ales ca loc de amplasare al monumentului Cimitirul militar Branik I este acela ca in acest cimitir se gaseste crucea originala ridicata de familie, imediat dupa terminarea razboiului, pentru soldatul Vasile Bona din satul Ilova, judetul Caras Severin.

Pe tot parcursul derularii acestui proiect, Ambasada Romaniei s-a bucurat de sprijinul Oficiului National pentru Cultul Eroilor – O.N.C.E. iar Regia Autonoma a Serviciilor de Trafic Aerian – ROMATSA R.A. si Fundatia „Tender” au contribuit alaturi de O.N.C.E la finantarea lui.


URL: http://ljubljana.mae.ro/index.php?lang=ro&id=75434 (the link includes some additional photographs)

Posted by: Klemen February 06, 2009 06:01 pm
Hello 21 inf and Kepi,

QUOTE
I saw a few men wearing ww1 uniforms participating to the comemoration. Are they reenactors? Can you give me some info about them or put in contact with them as I am myself a reenactor from 3rd transylvanian volunteer regiment Avram Iancu who fought in ww1?

Yes, they are reenactors. They come from the Reenactement Association of k.u.k. IR.87 from Solkan near Nova Gorica (and Italy's Gorizia). Link has already been provided to you by industrious Kepi. biggrin.gif I am currently working on my pet project and that is writing the regimental history of IR.87 from 1882 to 1918, so I have special affection for k.u.k. IR.87, which was considered one of the best and most loyal regiments in the k.u.k. Armee.

(see also page 9 for an article from the Romanian Embassy's website in Slovenia about this ceremony. They published a couple of extra photos.)

Posted by: Klemen February 07, 2009 08:50 pm
Dear friends!

The volumes from 1916 and 1917 also cover the Romanian Campaign. Enjoy the reading! biggrin.gif laugh.gif wink.gif tongue.gif

Österreich-Ungarns Letzter Krieg 1914-1918, Band I, 1914
URL1: http://www.megaupload.com/?d=9T5C5PPS

Österreich-Ungarns Letzter Krieg 1914-1918, Band II, 1915 (I.Teil)
URL2: http://www.megaupload.com/?d=AX6F6Z2J

Österreich-Ungarns Letzter Krieg 1914-1918, Band III, 1915 (II.Teil)
URL3: http://www.megaupload.com/?d=R9R6C4MR

Österreich-Ungarns Letzter Krieg 1914-1918, Band IV, 1916 (I.Teil)
URL4: http://www.megaupload.com/?d=Y06G36XZ

Österreich-Ungarns Letzter Krieg 1914-1918, Band V, 1916 (II.Teil)
URL5: http://www.megaupload.com/?d=MLAN2PCW

Österreich-Ungarns Letzter Krieg 1914-1918, Band VI, 1917
URL6: http://www.megaupload.com/?d=S0ABXJNR

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: Sebastian October 29, 2009 08:53 pm
Hi Klemen,

I am new on this forum. I am writing my PhD Thesis on multinational/dynastic military loyalties of Romanians in the Habsburg arm 1848-1918.

I must say I am impressed with the the very high level of discussion.

If you still need KuK IR 64 history, here is the e-mail adress of one of the authors:
dorin_petresc@yahoo.com.

I wrote him an e-mail few days ago and I managed to get a promising reply.

Posted by: Klemen November 16, 2009 04:29 pm
Hello Sebastian!

QUOTE
I am new on this forum. I am writing my PhD Thesis on multinational/dynastic military loyalties of Romanians in the Habsburg arm 1848-1918.

Please Sebastian tell us more about your PhD Thesis! ohmy.gif wink.gif

QUOTE
I must say I am impressed with the the very high level of discussion.

Thank you. biggrin.gif

QUOTE
If you still need KuK IR 64 history, here is the e-mail adress of one of the authors: dorin_petresc@yahoo.com. I wrote him an e-mail few days ago and I managed to get a promising reply.

Thank you. I already wrote to Mr. Petresc last autumn and we exchanged one or two e-mails. Unfortunately he was at the time very busy, but he promised to get back to me. Sadly I haven't heard from him since then.

Best wishes,

Klemen

Posted by: Sebastian January 28, 2010 09:06 pm
I open a topic, "Romanians against Romanians" on this great forum.

About my PhD thesis: I try to find the "undiscovered" and "usual suspects", namely the Romanians that fought in WWI loyally in the KuK and the Russian army and after 1918-1919 were rejected from enrollment in the new Romanian army, or those who refused to return to their homes in the Greater Romania. I know there are few cases, but I would need more names.

Starting from these peoples' example, I try to argue that supranational and national loyalties are not at all exclusive (you can believe in both), and when they are exclusive, one is not always choosing national loyalty, but the supranational one. As case study I chose Romanians between 1848-1918, but mainly Romanians from Transylvania and the Romanian Kingdom. I do not have enough time and resources to deal with all those from Bukowina and Bessarabia.

Posted by: contras January 29, 2010 11:42 am
@Klemen

In 2005, at Societatea Culturala "Stefan cel Mare" Bucovina it apears a book written by Mugur Andronic, In umbra marilor imperii ucigase.
Is written like a novel, with 3 principal characters, his grandfather and his two brothers, who served in AH army during ww1. It related only true stories, based on the interwievs of about 100 veterans from Reg 41 Cernauti and Reg 22 Lemberg (Lvov). These interwievs were taken between 1973 and 1988, and all these veterans are mentioned at the end of the book.
There are described battles in Galitia and Italy, prisonier camps and other things.

Posted by: Klemen April 18, 2010 12:31 am
QUOTE
About my PhD thesis: I try to find the "undiscovered" and "usual suspects", namely the Romanians that fought in WWI loyally in the KuK and the Russian army and after 1918-1919 were rejected from enrollment in the new Romanian army, or those who refused to return to their homes in the Greater Romania. I know there are few cases, but I would need more names.

This is very interesting subject. Do you later plan to publish your PhD thesis as a book? I in particular would be interested to know whether any Romanian GTM recipients settled in Austria or Hungary after 1919, where they were entitled to state pensions because their war medals. I know that some non-German and non-Hungarian GTM recipients used this option. For more details see this:

URL: http://www.worldwar2.ro/forum/index.php?showtopic=5697

When I was in the library of the Kriegsarchiv I also found the following book

Mühlfeit, Hans. (1960-1962). Das Goldene Buch der Tapferkeit (I-III). Wien: Hartleben.

where one could find the names and usually also the photos of various recipients of GTM, STM1, STM2 and BTM plus other k.u.k. war medals, who lived in Austria after 1945. Most of the names were German, but I also found a couple Slovenes, Croats, Bosnians, Czechs and Poles among them. I can't remember right now whether there were also any Romanians, but it would be worth to check this book.

Another source which you might find extremly helpful to your PhD thesis is Vasile Barbu's unpublished manuscript about Romanian Transilyanians in the k.u.k. Army during Great War 1914-1918. He also writes about the Romanian officers. Barbu himself was a high ranking Austro-Hungarian officer who after the war was accepted into the Royal Romanian Army and rose to the rank of brigadier-general. I have no idea what happened with him afterwards. Would be nice to know, though.

QUOTE
Starting from these peoples' example, I try to argue that supranational and national loyalties are not at all exclusive (you can believe in both), and when they are exclusive, one is not always choosing national loyalty, but the supranational one. As case study I chose Romanians between 1848-1918, but mainly Romanians from Transylvania and the Romanian Kingdom. I do not have enough time and resources to deal with all those from Bukowina and Bessarabia.

Sounds fantastic! Have you so far been able to discover any new books? biggrin.gif I am trying to find more about Sixtil Puscariu's memoirs. I have read that during the war he served as major of the artillery on the Italian Front. I wonder if he wrote anything about this in his memoirs.

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: Klemen April 18, 2010 12:47 am
Hello contras!

QUOTE
In 2005, at Societatea Culturala "Stefan cel Mare" Bucovina it apears a book written by Mugur Andronic, In umbra marilor imperii ucigase. Is written like a novel, with 3 principal characters, his grandfather and his two brothers, who served in AH army during ww1. It related only true stories, based on the interwievs of about 100 veterans from Reg 41 Cernauti and Reg 22 Lemberg (Lvov). These interwievs were taken between 1973 and 1988, and all these veterans are mentioned at the end of the book. There are described battles in Galitia and Italy, prisonier camps and other things.

I know and I already have this book, contras. I bought it with a help of one of this forum members some years ago. biggrin.gif laugh.gif I have to admit that I was a little bit disappointed by the book. First I don't like when a book is written as a novel because this takes a lot of her credibility (what is true and what did the author add/change/edit?) and secondly from what I could determine with my fledgeling Romanian most of the book is talking about the fightings in Russia. Unfortunately only a few, too few, excerpts are dedicated to Italian Front. Yes, I saw that long list of veterans' names at the end. I wish Mr. Andronic would publish some of those interviews. Still, I guess, it's better than nothing. biggrin.gif

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: Klemen April 18, 2010 12:55 am
Hello!

Just found these interesting excerpts from the war diary of Zgf. Ioan Doican from Racoviţa, who apparently served during the war with k.u.k. IR.31. Is this the entire transcript of his notes or are there more? Has anyone here on the forum read Cornel Lupea's book to tell me if there is more about Ioan Doican in his book, particularly if there are any notes from Italian Front or he served on the Eastern Front throughout the war? wink.gif

http://ro.wikisource.org/wiki/Comuna_Racovi%C5%A3a,_Memorii_din_primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial

Posted by: Klemen April 25, 2010 04:45 pm
Published in the Transylvanian Review nr. 2/2007 (I reckon nobody here has a copy of this magazine, eh? unsure.gif )

Stefan Damian, Sextil Puscariu sul fronte italiano della Prima guerra mondiale, p. 107-122

QUOTE
Abstract - Sextil Puscariu on the Italian Front during World War I  - The study investigates the manner in which the events of World War I were reflected in the memoirs of the Romanian scholar, who experienced them on the Austrian-Italian front. Beyond the sense of duty towards his home country, the dualist empire, Romance scholar and philologist Sextil Puscariu (1877–1948) constantly experienced and demonstrated a strong affection for Italy, a country widely considered to be the sister of Romania and of Romanians everywhere and therefore expected to provide assistance whenever necessary.

http://www.centruldestudiitransilvane.ro/detaliu.aspx?eID=144

Posted by: Klemen June 14, 2010 09:24 pm
Liviu Groza, memoria hârtiei şi Regimentul 43 Infanterie Caransebeş

Istoricul caransebeşean Liviu Groza deţine o cantitate impresionantă de documente şi fotografii inedite, care, în perioada următoare, vor face obiectul unei expoziţii. În ediţia de astăzi vă prezentăm o serie de imagini, strânse de-a lungul mai multor ani de cercetare, cu privire la acţiunile militarilor caransebeşeni din cadrul Regimentului 43 Infanterie care au luptat în Primul Război Mondial pe teatrele de operaţiuni din Slovenia şi Italia. (V. Popescu)

Reputatul istoric caransebeşean Liviu Groza deţine o impresionantă arhivă de documente şi fotografii inedite, mai puţin cunoscute până la acest moment, care vor face, în perioada următoare, obiectul unei expoziţii. Între acestea, se află şi o serie de dovezi, strânse în mai mulţi ani de cercetare, cu privire la acţiunile militarilor caransebeşeni din cadrul Regimentului 43 Infanterie care au luptat în Primul Război Mondial pe teatrele de operaţiuni din Slovenia şi Italia. Astfel, Liviu Groza deţine în arhiva sa personală fotografii cu un monument amplasat în localitatea slovenă Lokvica, din municipalitatea Miren Kostanjevica, ce este dedicat militarilor caransebeşeni căzuţi pe fronturile de la Isonzo şi Doberdo, în perioada anilor 1915-1918. Această operă comemorativă, aproape deloc cunoscută în prezent, a fost ridicată de Regimentul 43 Infanterie, alcătuit, din punct de vedere etnic, în mare parte, de soldaţi români originari din urbea de pe Timiş şi Sebeş, care luptau, însă, datorită contextului istoric, în subordinea Guvernului Austro-Ungar. Între ostaşii celebri care se aflau în acea perioadă pe front se numărau renumitul taragotist Luţă Ioviţă, care nu ezita să îşi încânte camarazii de arme cu măiestria sa, ori de câte ori avea prilejul, academicianul arheolog Constantin Daicoviciu şi Antoniu Marchescu, autorul lucrării intitulate ,,Grănicerii Bănăţeni şi Comunitatea de Avere”.

Monumentul în cauză a fost reabilitat de Guvernul sloven prin intermediul accesării unor fonduri PHARE. Acesta este format dintr-un soclu paralelipipedic, şi în fiecare dintre colţuri există câte un proiectil de tun. În partea superioară este amplasat un alt proiectil de tun, iar în faţa monumentului se găseşte o plăcuţă inscripţionată în limba germană, cu textul ,,Construit de Regimentul 43 Infanterie Caransebeş”. Pentru activitatea de cercetare în ceea ce priveşte Regimentul 43 Infanterie din Caransebeş, Liviu Groza a colaborat îndeaprope cu instituţii precum Arhivele de Război din Viena şi Graz, sau cu Oficiul Naţional pentru Cultul Eroilor şi Ambasada României din Slovenia. Regimentul 43 Infanterie a activat la Caransebeş după desfiinţarea Regimentului de Graniţă Româno-Bănăţean numărul 13.

În prezent, în urbea de pe Timiş şi Sebeş există un monument denumit ,,Pro Patria”, ce este situat în faţa Liceului Teoretic ,,Traian Doda”. Acesta este dedicat cinstirii eroilor-elevi din clasele terminale ale instituţiei de învăţământ care au fost încorporaţi în Regimentul 43 Infanterie şi au dispărut pe câmpul de luptă. Trebuie adăugat şi faptul că, în acest an, cu ocazia Zilei Armatei Române, tot în ideea cinstirii eroilor-martiri din cadrul Regimentului 43 Infanterie, administraţia publică din urbea de pe Timiş şi Sebeş a avut iniţiativa de a amplasa o troiţă din lemn, sculptată de artiştii maramureşeni, în Complexul Memorial Lokvica, din municipalitatea Miren Kostanjevica.

Vasi POPESCU

URL: http://vasipopescu.blogspot.com/2010/01/fotografii-si-documente-inedite-despre.html

I suppose nobody here is familiar with this exhibition or know whether Mr. Groza plans to publish any book about IR.43, eh? rolleyes.gif smile.gif

lp,

Klemen

Posted by: 21 inf June 14, 2010 10:13 pm
Why dont you ask the owner of the blog, as he seems to be a little more informed?

Posted by: Klemen June 15, 2010 04:48 pm
QUOTE
Why dont you ask the owner of the blog, as he seems to be a little more informed

I would if I would be able to find his e-mail address, but there doesn't appear any. I tried to leave a comment in the Comments section, but nothing sticks there. Can anyone find his e-mail address? biggrin.gif

Klemen

Posted by: contras April 23, 2011 04:14 pm
QUOTE
Speaking of them Mateias is there any chance you could also somehow obtain copies of Dominic Stanca's memoires "Intre doua fronturi" (Cluj, Editura Patria, 1935)


I find this book in one anticar shop, I payed a lot for it (because it has the author autograph). No regrets, it is very interesting.

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